The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the clothes of nursery teachers in daycare centres. - Related Documents




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265401.0000The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the clothes of nursery teachers in daycare centres. AIMS: Childcare facilities act as microenvironments that facilitate and promote the selection, spread and transmission of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms in the community. We focused on the study of antimicrobial resistance and genetic predispositions for β-lactamase production in bacterial isolates from nursery teachers' clothing. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. isolated from 80 samples of nursery teachers' clothing was determined. The selected ESβL genes were found in 30 (44.1%) of 68 strains examined. The CTX-M type ESβL determinants were detected in 15.4%, 71.5% and 42.5% of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates, respectively. The OXA-type coding genes were detected only in strains of the genera Pseudomonas (57.1%) and Bacillus (48.6%). Thus, most B. cereus strains were sensitive to the recommended antibiotics used to treat infections caused by these bacteria. Methicillin resistance was phenotypically confirmed in 27 (14.6%) of 185 staphylococcal isolates. Four isolates (2.2%) were identified as MRSA. Vancomycin resistance was not observed in any of the staphylococcal and enterococci strains. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that potential pathogens have been isolated from the clothing of nursery teachers, posing a risk of transmission to children. These clothes should be maintained and properly laundered to avoid cross-contamination and the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in childcare centres. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides insight into the route of transmission of MDR micro-organisms through the clothing of nursery teachers, to which greater importance should be given in the future. Proper procedures for the cleaning and use of clothing in daycare centres should be clarified and standardized.202235267237
558010.9998Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria. In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.202133923903
266120.9997Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on the environmental surfaces of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic bacterium commonly found in animals, especially dogs. These bacteria can survive on environmental surfaces for several months. The infection of S. pseudintermedius from the environment is possible, but properly cleaning surface objects can prevent it. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the environment of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand, where we hypothesized that the prevalence of MRSP might be very low. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At three different time points, 150 samples were collected from different environmental surfaces and wastewater across the veterinary hospital. The collection was done after the hospital's cleaning. Bacteria were purified in the culture before being identified as species by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next, the antimicrobial-resistant profile was performed using an automated system (Vitek 2). Finally, the antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using PCR. RESULTS: Fifteen colonies of S. pseudintermedius were isolated from the surfaces of eight floors, four tables, two chairs, and one rebreathing tube. Fourteen colonies (93.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carried the blaZ gene (93.3%). The majority of colonies were resistant to benzylpenicillin (93.3%), cefovecin (93.3%), ceftiofur (93.3%), kanamycin (93.3%), and neomycin (93.3%). Notably, only four colonies (26.7%) were methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius, whereas 11 colonies (73.3%) were MRSP and carried both the mecA and blaZ genes. Five MRSP (45.5%) were resistant to at least 14 antimicrobial drugs, represented as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Ten of eleven MRSP (90.9%) were Staphylococcal chromosomal mec type V, while another displayed untypeable. Despite the routine and extensive cleaning with detergent and disinfectant, MRSP isolates were still detectable. CONCLUSION: Many isolates of MRSP were found in this veterinary hospital. Almost all of them were MDR, and nearly half were XDR, posing a threat to animals and humans. In addition, the current hospital cleaning procedure proved ineffective. Future research should be conducted to determine the bacterial biofilm properties and bacterial sensitivity to certain detergents and disinfectants.202235698521
270430.9997Assessment of the Bacterial Pollution and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Benin: Case of the Hydrographic Channel Complex Cotonou-Nokoué Lake. The study aims to document the level of contamination of the aquatic ecosystem of the Cotonou-Lake Nokoué canal hydrographic complex by multidrug-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes. For this purpose, water samples were taken from several points of the complex and from the sediments at the depth of the lake. Samples of several species of freshly caught fish products from the lake were also collected. Bacteriological analyses were carried out according to the AFNOR standard (NF U: 47-100). The identification of the different bacterial species isolated was then carried out using the API 20E gallery and specific biochemical tests. The antibiogram of the strains was performed according to the recommendations of the EUCAST. Molecular characterization of the identified strains was carried out by searching for resistance and virulence genes. The results obtained revealed the presence of several bacterial species in water samples and in sediment and intestine samples of fishery products with a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli. The resistance profile of Gram-negative bacilli showed a total resistance to metronidazole (100%). 23% of the strains were also resistant to ciprofloxacin, 41% to amoxicillin, and 60% to aztreonam. Of the Gram-positive cocci identified, 66% was resistant to vancomycin, 7.5% to ciprofloxacin, 71% to erythromycin, and 22% to tetracycline. Regarding the genes sought, bla (TEM) (46%), bla (SHV) (24%), and bla (CTX-M-15) (31%) were present in the genome of Gram-negative bacilli as resistance genes and fimH (41%) as virulence gene. As for Gram-positive cocci, the van B gene was completely absent. The van A was present at 6.25% in Staphylococcus aureus and mecA at 21.88 and 33.33%, respectively, in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains. The high resistance of isolated bacterial strains is a matter of concern and calls for a rational use of antibiotics in order to avoid the transmission of antibiotic resistance from the environment to humans.202134285697
560140.9997Presence of Staphylococcus spp. carriers of the mecA gene in the nasal cavity of piglets in the nursery phase. The presence of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to methicillin in the nasal cavity of swine has been previously reported. Considering the possible occurrence of bacterial resistance and presence of resistance genes in intensive swine breeding and the known transmissibility and dispersion potential of such genes, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of resistance to different antibiotics and the presence of the mecA resistance gene in Staphylococcus spp. from piglets recently housed in a nursery. For this, 60 nasal swabs were collected from piglets at the time of their housing in the nursery, and then Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and identified in coagulase-positive (CoPS) and coagulase-negative (CoNS) isolates. These isolates were subjected to the disk-diffusion test to evaluate the bacterial resistance profile and then subjected to molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus and analyses of the mecA gene through polymerase chain reaction. Of the 60 samples collected, 60 Staphylococcus spp. were isolated, of which 38 (63.33%) were classified as CoNS and 22 (36.67%) as CoPS. Of these, ten (45.45%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance profile of these isolates showed high resistance to different antibiotics, with 100% of the isolates resistant to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin, 98.33% resistant to doxycycline, 95% resistant to oxacillin, and 85% resistant to cefoxitin. Regarding the mecA gene, 27 (45%) samples were positive for the presence of this gene, and three (11.11%) were phenotypically sensitive to oxacillin and cefoxitin. This finding highlights the importance of researching the phenotypic profile of resistance to different antimicrobials and resistance genes in the different phases of pig rearing to identify the real risk of these isolates from a One Health perspective. The present study revealed the presence of samples resistant to different antibiotics in recently weaned production animal that had not been markedly exposed to antimicrobials as growth promoters or even as prophylactics. This information highlights the need for more research on the possible sharing of bacteria between sows and piglets, the environmental pressure within production environments, and the exposure of handlers during their transport, especially considering the community, hospital, and political importance of the presence of circulating resistant strains.202336634542
195650.9997Wounds of Companion Animals as a Habitat of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria That Are Potentially Harmful to Humans-Phenotypic, Proteomic and Molecular Detection. Skin wounds and their infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are very common in small animals, posing the risk of acquiring ARB by pet owners or antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer to the owners' microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify the most common pathogens infecting wounds of companion animals, assess their antibiotic resistance, and determine the ARGs using culture-based, molecular, and proteomic methods. A total of 136 bacterial strains were isolated from wound swabs. Their species was identified using chromogenic media, followed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Antibiotic resistance was tested using disc diffusion, and twelve ARGs were detected using PCRs. The dominant species included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (9.56%), E. coli, and E. faecalis (both n = 11, 8.09%). Enterobacterales were mostly resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (68.3% strains), all Pseudomonas were resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and tylosin, Acinetobacter were mostly resistant to tylosin (55.5%), all Enterococcus were resistant to imipenem, and 39.2% of Staphylococci were resistant to clindamycin. Among ARGs, strA (streptomycin resistance), sul3 (sulfonamide resistance), and blaTEM, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase determinant, were the most frequent. The risk of ARB and ARG transfer between animals and humans causes the need to search for new antimicrobial therapies in future veterinary medicine.202438542095
265760.9997Investigating the Prevalence of Enterotoxin and Antibiotic Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated From Meat and Edible Viscera of Broiler Chickens. BACKGROUND: The responsible for staph infection is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which has a long and difficult treatment process due to resistance to this type of antibiotic. This study is designed to investigate the distribution and frequency of antibiotic-resistant genes and MRSA enterotoxins isolated from the meat and edible viscera of broiler chickens, which are responsible for pathogenicity in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 523 meat and edible viscera of broiler chicken collected from farms in Shahrekord, Iran. The antibiogram test of 142 MRSA isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer diffusion disc. Sensitivity or resistance of MRSA was tested on 13 different antibiotics. DNA extracted from MRSA was screened by PCR technique for the presence of antibiotic-resistant and enterotoxin genes. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated with frequency of 51.05% (267 of 523). The presence of mecA gene in S. aureus was examined to detect the MRSA. The most antibiotic-resistance responsible genes and the pathogenic enterotoxin genes were identified. MRSA was identified by positive amplification of mecA in 53.18% (142 of 267) of S. aureus isolates. S. aureus antimicrobial resistance was most frequently noted against tetracycline (94.37%), ampicillin (88.73%) and penicillin (71.83%). Out of 51 examined isolates, 47 isolates exhibited the sea (92.15%), and 7 isolates exhibited the sej (13.72%). CONCLUSION: The results indicated high prevalence of MRSA in broilers, which is very worrying issue. In addition, in the present study, it was observed that due to the increase in the use of antibiotics in poultry farming, bacteria resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics have a high prevalence. Now, with the knowledge that the consumption of broiler chicken is very high all over the world and with the increasing trend of antibiotic consumption, this issue has become a concern at the global health level. The presence of antibiotic-resistance and enterotoxigenic genes in MRSA bacteria is a critical threat to human nutrition, making consuming contaminated meat and edible viscera of broiler chickens unsafe.202540613255
560070.9997The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk. Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of coa, icaB, blaZ, and mecA was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as S. aureus (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the icaB gene was found in 57.14%, coa in 46.42%, mecA in 15.47%, and blaZ in 8.33%. As a result, Staphylococcus spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal-environment-human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria.202336978423
195580.9997Phenotypic & genotypic study of antimicrobial profile of bacteria isolates from environmental samples. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria has increased at an alarming rate in recent years due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in healthcare, livestock and aquaculture. In this context, it is necessary to monitor the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from the environmental samples. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from environmental samples. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty samples were collected from different sources, viz. fish and fishery products (99), livestock wastes (81) and aquaculture systems (70), in and around Mangaluru, India. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial profiling were carried out as per standard protocols. The isolates were screened for the presence of resistance genes using PCR. RESULTS: A total of 519 Gram-negative bacteria comprising Escherichia coli (116), Salmonella spp. (14), Vibrio spp. (258), Pseudomonas spp. (56), Citrobacter spp. (26) and Proteus spp. (49) were isolated and characterized from 250 samples obtained from different sources. A total of 12 antibiotics were checked for their effectiveness against the isolates. While 31.6 per cent of the isolates were sensitive to all the antibiotics used, 68.4 per cent of the isolates showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. One-third of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. Maximum resistance was observed for ampicillin (43.4%), followed by nitrofurantoin (20.8%). Least resistance was seen for carbapenems and chloramphenicol. PCR profiling of the resistant isolates confirmed the presence of resistance genes corresponding to their antibiotic profile. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: This study results showed high rate of occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and their determinants in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different environmental sources.201931219088
270190.9997Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes from houseflies. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are synanthropic insects which serve as biological or mechanical vectors for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria responsible for many infectious diseases. This study aimed to detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria from houseflies, and to examine their resistance genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 140 houseflies were captured using sterile nylon net from seven places of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh. Immediately after collection, flies were transferred to a sterile zipper bag and brought to microbiology laboratory within 1 h. Three bacterial species were isolated from houseflies, based on cultural and molecular tests. After that, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against commonly used antibiotics, by the disk diffusion method. Finally, the detection of antibiotic resistance genes tetA, tetB, mcr-3, mecA, and mecC was performed by a polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (78.6%), Salmonella spp., (66.4%), and Escherichia coli (51.4%). These species of bacteria were recovered from 78.3% of isolates from the Mymensingh Medical College Hospital areas. Most of the isolates of the three bacterial species were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin and amoxicillin and were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and azithromycin. Five antibiotic resistance genes of three bacteria were detected: tetA, tetB, mcr-3, and mecA were found in 37%, 20%, 20%, and 14% isolates, respectively, and no isolates were positive for mecC gene. CONCLUSION: S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli with genetically-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance are carried in houseflies in the Mymensingh region. Flies may, therefore, represent an important means of transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with consequent risks to human and animal health.202032255968
2677100.9997Detection of Staphylococcus Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes from Subclinical Mastitis Cattle Milk Using MALDI-TOF MS, PCR and Sequencing in Free State Province, South Africa. Staphylococcus species are amongst the bacteria that cause bovine mastitis worldwide, whereby they produce a wide range of protein toxins, virulence factors, and antimicrobial-resistant properties which are enhancing the pathogenicity of these organisms. This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR as well as screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. Our results uncovered that from 166 sampled cows, only 33.13% had subclinical mastitis after initial screening, while the quarter-level prevalence was 54%. Of the 50 cultured bacterial isolates, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR assay and sequencing identified S. aureus as the dominant bacteria by 76%. Furthermore, an AMR susceptibility test showed that 86% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, followed by ciprofloxacin (80%) and cefoxitin (52%). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes showed that 16% of the isolates carried the mecA gene, while 52% of the isolates carried the Lg G-binding region gene, followed by coa (42%), spa (40%), hla (38%), and hlb (38%), whereas sea and bap genes were detected in 10% and 2% of the isolates, respectively. The occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles highlights the need for appropriate strategies to control the spread of these pathogens.202438200885
5599110.9997Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus spp. contaminating raw goat milk. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global public health. Foodstuff of animal origin can serve as potential vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes to consumers. In view of the lack of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with goat milk, the aim of this study was to report species-level identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a large collection of Staphylococcus spp. isolates recovered from raw goat milk in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 434 Staphylococcus spp. isolates originated from 510 goat milk samples in Northeast Brazil were investigated. The isolates were obtained by conventional microbiological methods. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by means of a semi-automated system using a panel for biochemical tests and broth microdilution method for 19 antimicrobial drugs. RESULTS: Although Staphylococcus aureus (22.6%) accounted for the majority of the isolates, a total of 13 different non-aureus staphylococci spp. were identified. High resistance rates against erythromycin (40.8%), and the beta-lactams ampicillin (45.9%) and penicillin (42.9%) were observed among S. aureus isolates. The most significant findings were related to the resistance against quinupristin-dalfopristin, a drug of last resort used in human medicine to treat infections caused by vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and enterococci. CONCLUSION: The high diversity of Staphylococcus spp. showing phenotypic resistance against different antimicrobial drugs encourages further investigations on the real impact of these bacteria as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes to consumers. Furthermore, the potential impact of technological processes, such as pasteurization, fermentation, and maturation, on the maintenance and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among the microbial populations in milk and dairy products must also be investigated.202134220106
2396120.9997Environmental contamination by dog’s faeces: a public health problem? The risk to public health from the large number of dog stools present on streets of urban areas is cause for concern. Dog faeces may be a serious hazard because they may contain microorganisms that are both pathogenic to humans and resistant to several classes of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in canine faeces which contaminates the urban environment. A total of 418 canine faecal samples were collected from streets in seven areas of Bari, Southern Italy. We have isolated multi-drug resistant Enterococci and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from these dog faecal samples. The presence of the resistant bacteria in an urban environment may represent a public health hazard which requires control measures by competent authorities. No Salmonella, Yersinia or Campylobacter species were isolated. Giardia cysts were detected in 1.9% of the samples. The predominant Enterococcus species were E. faecium (61.6%), E. gallinarum (23.3%) and E. casseliflavus (5.5%). Other species, including E. faecalis were also isolated. These strains were resistant to clindamycin (86.3%), tetracycline (65.7%), erythromycin (60.27%) and ampicillin (47.9%). High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) was found in 65.7% of enterococci. Resistance to three or more antibiotics and six or more antibiotics were observed in 67.12% and 38.4% of Enterococcus spp., respectively. Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was not detected in any of the Enterococcus spp. isolated. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 0.7% of the faecal samples. Canine faeces left on the streets may represent a risk factor for transmission of microorganisms and a reservoir of multidrug- resistant bacteria thus contributing to the spread of resistance genes into an urban area.201223263659
1959130.9996Prevalence of Multiple Drug-Resistant Bacteria in the Main Campus Wastewater Treatment Plant of Wolaita Sodo University, Southern Ethiopia. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important reservoirs for the development of drug resistance and a potential route for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. One of the most serious challenges in Ethiopia is the widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens. The bacteria were isolated between September 2018 and May 2019 from the main campus of Wolaita Sodo University in Southern Ethiopia. Using an enrichment process and selective media isolation, 380 wastewater treatment plant samples were collected and screened for the presence of various bacterial isolates. Of a total of 380 wastewater treatment samples, 136 were isolated. Positive prevalence was documented in 136 sample isolates of bacteria from six genera. Escherichia coli 34 (8.94%), Salmonella spp. 15 (3.94%), Shigella spp. 32 (8.42%), Staphylococcus aureus 23 (6.05%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21 (5.52%), and Proteus spp. 11 (2.89%). The general prevalence of bacterial isolates was assessed, and 136 (37.58%) samples tested positive for culture. Furthermore, isolates were used to determine sensitivity/resistance patterns using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the agar well diffusion technique, respectively. Multiple drug resistance isolates and multiple values of the antibiotic resistance index were evaluated and recorded according to the resistant pattern. Some organisms were sensitive to sparfloxacin and tobramycin, while Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to methicillin and others showed the highest resistance. At least four of the seven antibiotic classes were found to be resistant to multiple drug resistance isolates, and some classes of antibiotics were found to be highly sensitive to these isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged from 0.37 to 0.75, with Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus having the highest score values. The current study has shown that some of the bacterial isolates were resistant to common antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended that the emergence of multiple drug resistance increased rapidly, pathogenic bacteria inappropriate treated wastewater treatment plant systems were continuously contaminated, and bacterial resistance increased day by day as a result of environmental factors. As a result, due to the serious challenges facing the community's health, multiple drug-resistant prevention and control strategies must be implemented.202236466967
2363140.9996Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a tertiary-care hospital in southern China: an 8-year retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: Due to the severe drug resistance situation of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Gram-negative enterobacter, relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in Gram-positive bacteria species and drug resistance. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence and drug resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in a general tertiary-care hospital from 2014 to 2021, in order to discover the changes in Gram-positive bacteria distribution and drug resistance that cannot be easily identified, inform clinicians in their respective regions when selecting antimicrobial agents, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis of Gram-positive bacterial infection, and for the comprehensive and multi-pronged prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on Gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients presented to a general tertiary-care hospital from January 2014 to December 2021. A total of 15,217 Gram-positive strains were analyzed. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, the total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinic increased continuously. The seven most common species were Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.9%), Enterococcus faecium (20.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.8%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae (3.6%). The isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae increased, and the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecium decreased. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and furantoin decreased obviously. The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cefepime (non-meningitis) and ceftriaxone (meningitis) decreased significantly. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and furantoin rose rapidly from 50.3, 47.6, 71.5, 44.9, 52.3, and 37.5% in 2014 to 93.1, 91.6, 84.9, 86.8, 86.8, and 60.0% in 2021, respectively. CONCLUSION: The total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated during the 8-year period increased continuously. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the main causes of positive bacterial infections in this hospital. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to a variety of commonly used antibiotics increased significantly. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the distribution of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics to timely evaluate and identify changes in drug resistance that are not easily detected.202337840716
1954150.9996Detection of multidrug resistant environmental isolates of acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a possible threat for community acquired infections? Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are bacteria commonly associated with infections at the clinical settings. Reports of infections caused by environmental isolates are rare. Therefore, this study focused on determination of the antibiotic resistance patterns, antibiotic resistance genes, efflux pumps and virulence signatures of Acinetobacter spp. and S. maltophilia recovered from river water, plant rhizosphere and river sediment samples. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected using PCR. S. maltophilia was more frequent in plant rhizosphere and sediment samples than the water samples. Acinetobacter spp. were mostly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96% of isolates), followed by polymyxin b (86%), cefixime (54%), colistin (42%), ampicillin (35%) and meropenem (19%). The S. maltophilia isolates displayed total resistance (100%) to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, meropenem, imipenem, ampicillin and cefixime, while 80% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. Acinetobacter spp. contained different antibiotic resistance genes such as sul1 (24% of isolates), sul2 (29%), blaOXA 23/51 (21%) and blaTEM (29%), while S. maltophilia harbored sul1 (8%) and blaTEM (20%). Additionally, efflux pump genes were present in all S. maltophilia isolates. The presence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in surface water raises concerns for community-acquired infections as this water is directly been used by the community for various purposes. Therefore, there is the need to institute measures aimed at reducing the risks of these infections and the resulting burden this may have on the health care system within the study area.202133378222
2678160.9996Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle. This study focused on isolating antibiotic-resistant mastitogens from cow milk; 57% of 100 samples tested positive by California mastitis test. Bacterial species from each milk sample were isolated and identified using Vitek® 2 automated system. Out of the 167 bacterial strains isolated, 14 were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and were further identified as belonging to Staphylococcus spp. Enterobacter spp. Morganella spp. and Elizabethkingia spp. Staphylococcus strains showed the highest resistance by phenotypic and genotypic screening, with 8% of mastitis isolates identified as MDR. These MDR bacterial strains were also found to harbour antibiotic resistance genes such as mecA (21%), blaZ (43%), gyrA (50%), and gyrB (59%). The tissue culture plate assay showed 11 multidrug-resistant bacteria as strong biofilm formers and the biofilm-related atlE gene was analysed from Staphylococcal strain M33.1. The findings highlight a public health risk from resistant dairy bacteria, emphasizing prophylactic measures and responsible antimicrobial use to prevent zoonotic transmission.202541115007
2659170.9996The impact of stray animal populations on public health in Naples, Italy: A preliminary study on antimicrobial resistance on the road. The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant public health challenge, with an increasing number of organisms developing resistance to many antimicrobial agents used to treat infections in humans and animals. This study investigated the role of stray dogs and cats as sentinel animals in the urban environment. Therefore, the sampling of healthy skin was performed to isolate bacterial species present and assess their antimicrobial resistance profile. A total of 690 swabs were collected, comprising 351 cutaneous swabs from dogs and 339 from cats. A total of 770 strains were identified, including 381 Gram-positive bacteria (94 %) and 19 Gram-negative bacteria (6 %) from dogs, and 355 Gram-positive bacteria (97 %) and 11 Gram-negative bacteria (3 %) from cats. In dogs, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacterium, with 53 strains identified. Meanwhile, in cats, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common, with Staphylococcus felis being the predominant species, represented by 50 strains. Among the isolated Gram-negative bacteria in both animal species, E. coli was predominant. Among the recovered Gram-positive bacteria, multidrug resistance was observed in 105 out of 129 (81.4 %) canine isolates and 87 out of 143 (60.8 %) feline isolates. Additionally, phenotypic resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin in 42 out of 53 (79.2 %) S. pseudintermedius strains and 8 out of 50 (16.0 %) S. felis strains was identified, suggesting the presence of the methicillin resistance gene. The above findings underscore the need for stricter monitoring of antibiotic resistance specifically in stray dogs and cats which can act as reservoirs for resistant bacteria.202540311406
2407180.9996Antibiotic resistance genes and identification of staphylococci collected from the production chain of swine meat commodities. Staphylococci harbouring antibiotic resistance (AR) genes may represent a hazard for human health and, as other resistant food-related bacteria, they contribute to the spread of AR. In this study, we isolated resistant staphylococci from an entire swine production chain and investigated the occurrence of 11 genes [aac(6')Ie-aph(2'')Ia, blaZ, mecA, vanA, vanB, ermA, ermB, ermC, tet(M), tet(O) and tet(K)] encoding resistance to some antibiotics largely used in clinical practice. The 66 resistant staphylococcal isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (27 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (12), Staphylococcus xylosus (12), Staphylococcus simulans (5), Staphylococcus pasteuri (4), Staphylococcus carnosus (3), Staphylococcus lentus (2) and Staphylococcus sciuri (1). Specific-PCR detection of AR genes showed the prevalence of the tet(K) gene in most of the isolates (89.4%), followed by tet(M) and ermC (about 75%); mecA was detected in more than half of S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates. The genes vanA and vanB were not retrieved. It was found that a high proportion of coagulase-positive and -negative isolates are multidrug-resistant and some of them carry up to six AR genes. Our findings show that the swine production chain is a source of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci suggesting the importance of resistance surveillance in the food production environment.200817993395
1958190.9996Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance. Pharmaceutical effluents primarily enter aquatic environments through the discharge of treated and untreated wastewater from various sources, including hospitals, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, and households. Microbes sourced from pharmaceutical effluents such as Pseudomonas spp. pose a significant public health concern because of their high levels of resistance to multiple drugs and extreme multidrug resistance. Therefore, the present study was conducted for the isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of selected isolates from pharmaceutical effluents and also determined their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. From June 2016 to March 2017, a study was conducted on four well-known pharmaceutical companies specializing in antibiotic production in Dhaka and Gazipur. Four wastewater samples were collected from various origins and then brought to the Bacteriology laboratory for microbiological examination. Twelve pure isolates were obtained and characterized through cultural and biochemical tests while molecular identification of Pseudomonas spp. was performed using the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Twelve commercially available antibiotics were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods. We isolated the most predominant isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.67%), followed by Bacillus spp. (33.33%) and Staphylococcus spp. (25%) respectively. Among 12 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin is 100% sensitive against P. aeruginosa, while the remaining 11 antibiotics are 100% resistant. Bacillus spp. showed 100% resistance to all antibiotics while 50% sensitive to vancomycin and 100% to chloramphenicol, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was 100% resistant to all antibiotics. Our research suggested that P. aeruginosa is the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and spreads disease to humans from the environment. The findings of this study, i.e., the isolation, identification, and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from pharmaceutical effluent have highlighted, comprehended, and mitigated the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic bacteria.202338230310