Prevalence and mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae isolates from dogs in Ontario, Canada. - Related Documents




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263801.0000Prevalence and mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae isolates from dogs in Ontario, Canada. There is little information on the genetic basis of resistance to the critically important extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) in Enterobacteriaceae from dogs in Canada. This study assessed the frequency of ESC resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from dogs in Ontario and the distribution of major ESC resistance genes in these bacteria. A total of 542 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 506 clinical samples from two diagnostic laboratories in Ontario. Eighty-eight ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and 217 Escherichia coli were isolated from 234 fecal samples from dogs collected at leash-free dog parks. These fecal isolates were tested for ESC resistance along with the clinical isolates. Isolates with reduced ESC susceptibility were screened for bla(CMY), bla(CTX-M), and bla(SHV), and all CTX-M-positive isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing. The prevalence of ESC resistance in clinical Enterobacteriaceae was 10.4%. The average frequency of fecal carriage of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy dogs was 26.5%. The majority of ESC-resistant isolates were E. coli and the other major Enterobacteriaceae carrying ESC resistance genes were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. The results show that the same ESC resistance genes can be found in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae in dogs. The identified E. coli sequence types (including ST131 and ST648) and CTX-M variants (including CTX-M-14, -15, and -27) support the hypothesis of transfer of resistant bacteria between humans and dogs. CTX-M-1 was frequently found in canine fecal Enterobacteriaceae, while it is still rare in human Enterobacteriaceae in Canada, thus suggesting transfer of resistant bacteria to dogs from food animals or other sources.201829292008
263910.9999Prevalence and risk analysis of mobile colistin resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes carriage in pet dogs and their owners: a population based cross-sectional study. Mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene bla (CTX-M) are highly prevalent in human - and pet-derived bacteria. Isolation of identical strains of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) or bla (CTX-M)-positive E. coli (CTX-MPEC) from pets and humans highlighted the potential for co-colonization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria which can be a risk for dissemination of resistance genes. In this study, the prevalence of mcr-1 and bla (CTX-M) carriage from rectal swabs in 299 families (dogs and their owners) were 2.7 and 5.3%, respectively. We identified a significant association of mcr-1 carriage between dogs and their owners. Whilst antibiotic use in the previous three months was associated with bla (CTX-M) carriage in dogs. Only one instance of dog and owner carrying identical CTX-MPEC was observed. Although the prevalence of identical strains in one family is rare, the huge number of dog ownership worldwide suggest that this threat should not be underestimated.202133502946
101820.9999Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dogs and Cats in Northeastern China from 2012 to 2021. (1) Background: there has been a growing concern about pet-spread bacterial zoonosis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the trend in drug-resistance of canine Escherichia coli isolates in northeast China between 2012-2021 and the differences in drug-resistance of E. coli of different origins in 2021. (2) Methods: E. coli were isolated from feces or anal swab samples from dogs and cats, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and phylogenetic grouping were identified. PCR was applied on the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli for antibiotic resistance genes. (3) Results: five hundred and fifty-four E. coli isolates were detected in 869 samples (63.75%). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of E. coli in pet dogs showed a decreasing trend, but working dogs showed the opposite trend. Resistance genes bla(CTX-M) and bla(CTX-M+TEM) were dominant among the ESBL producers (n = 219). The consistency between the resistance phenotypes and genes was high except for fluoroquinolone-resistant ESBL E. coli. All ESBL E. coli-carrying bla(NDM) were isolated from working dogs, and one of the strains carried mcr-1 and bla(NDM-4). Phylogroup B2 was the dominant group in pet cats, and more than half of the isolates from companion cats were ESBL E. coli. (4) Conclusions: the measures taken to reduce resistance in China were beginning to bear fruit. Companion cats may be more susceptible to colonization by ESBL E. coli. The problem of resistant bacteria in working dogs and pet cats warrants concern.202236358160
102030.9999Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β -lactamases in slaughtered animals in the Czech Republic. Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a global medical problem requiring close cooperation between veterinary and human physicians. Raw materials and foods of animal origin may be not only a source of pathogenic bacteria causing alimentary tract infections but also a source of bacteria with a dangerous extent of resistance to antibiotics, potentially entering the human food chain. This article presents results of the first study in the Czech Republic detecting the presence of Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum b -lactamases (ESBLs) in swabs collected in slaughterhouses from surfaces of healthy animal carcasses. In 2012, swabs taken from pig (n = 166) and cattle (n = 140) carcass surfaces were analyzed. In 17 % of 53 studied slaughterhouses, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were isolated. ESBLs were found in 11 and 4 % of porcine and bovine samples, respectively. Swabs collected from pigs yielded 18 ESBL-producing E. coli strains. The bla genes were found to encode production of CTX-M-1 group enzymes in 16 strains, SHV in one case, and both CTX-M-1-like and TEM in another case. In swabs taken from cattle, five ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated. In three cases, the bla genes for CTX-M-1-like production were identified; in two cases, genes for both CTX-M-1-like and TEM production were found. The similarity/identity of ESBL-positive isolates was compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This is the first report and characterization of the presence and nature of ESBL-producing E. coli in swabs collected from surfaces of healthy pig and cattle carcasses in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic.201324112579
109740.9999CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Brazil. INTRODUCTION: Worldwide urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are an important reservoir of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Plasmids are key genetic elements in the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, including beta-lactams and quinolones, which are the most important classes of drugs for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) harboring plasmids containing extend-spectrum (ESBL) and pAmpC beta-lactamases, also plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in urban pigeons from São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: A collection of 107 isolates of E. coli from urban pigeons from four cities was screened by antimicrobial resistance phenotypic and PCR for genes encoding ESBL, pAmpC and PMQR genes. Clonality was evaluated by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: We found three strains positive for blaCTX-M genes. In two clonally related CTX-M-8-producing strains, the gene was associated with IncI1 plasmids. An MDR strain harboring blaCTX-M-2, the plasmid could not be transferred. No strain was positive for PMQR genes. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-8-producing E. coli are present in urban pigeons, which could serve as a reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli in Brazil.201932087078
109050.9999Distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern Japan. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and diversity of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli obtained from the same cecal samples and to provide evidence of transmission of the resistance determinants among these bacteria in broiler farms in southern Japan. Salmonella enterica and E. coli were characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. An antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmid analysis, and identification and localization of resistance genes were performed to determine the relatedness of ESC resistance determinants among the isolates. Of 48 flocks examined, 14 had S. enterica. In total, 57 S. enterica isolates were obtained, 45 of which showed ESC resistance. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were also obtained from all of these ESC-resistant Salmonella-positive samples. β-Lactamase genes, blaTEM-52 (38 isolates), blaCTX-M-14 (1 isolate), and blaCMY-2 (6 isolates), were carried by conjugative untypable or IncP plasmids detected in the S. enterica serovars Infantis and Manhattan. The β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-14 (3 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (3 isolates), blaSHV-2 (1 isolate), blaSHV-12 (2 isolates), and blaCMY-2 (32 isolates) associated with IncI1-Iγ, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncK, IncB/O, and IncY plasmids were detected in E. coli co-isolates. Restriction mapping revealed similar plasmids in Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Manhattan and in different sequence types of E. coli. Intraspecies transmission of plasmids was suggested within S. enterica and E. coli populations, whereas interspecies transmission was not observed. This study highlights the importance of plasmids as carriers of ESC resistance determinants.201323687161
101960.9999First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were bla(CTX-M) (n = 26), bla(SHV) (n = 11), and bla(TEM) (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the bla(CMY) gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both bla(OXA-48) and bla(IMP) genes and the other isolate carried only the bla(IMP) gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.202336695709
161170.9998Molecular Typing of Enterobacteriaceae from Pig Holdings in North-Western Germany Reveals Extended- Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamases Producing but no Carbapenem Resistant Ones. The increase of extended- spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in humans and in food-producing animals is of public health concern. The latter could contribute to spreading of these bacteria or their resistance genes to humans. Several studies have reported the isolation of third generation cephalosporin resistant bacteria in livestock animals. However, the number of samples and the methodology used differ considerably between studies limiting comparability and prevalence assessment. In the present study, a total of 564 manure and dust samples were collected from 47 pig farms in Northern Germany and analysed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-E. Molecular typing and characterization of resistance genes was performed for all ESBL-E isolates. ESBL-E isolates were found in 55.3% of the farms. ESBL-Escherichia coli was found in 18.8% of the samples, ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae in 0.35%. The most prevalent ESBL genes among E. coli were CTX-M-1 like (68.9%), CTX-M-15 like (16%) and CTX-M-9 group (14.2%). In 20% of the latter two, also the OXA-1 like gene was found resulting in a combination of genes typical for isolates from humans. Genetic relation was found between isolates not only from the same, but also from different farms, with multilocus sequence type (ST) 10 being predominant among the E. coli isolates. In conclusion, we showed possible spread of ESBL-E between farms and the presence of resistance genes and STs previously shown to be associated with human isolates. Follow-up studies are required to monitor the extent and pathways of ESBL-E transmission between farms, animals and humans.201526225428
100980.9998The resistance patterns and molecular characteristics of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from captive panda ecosystem in China. Escherichia coli (E. coli) plays an important ecological role, and is a useful bioindicator to recognize the evolution of resistance in human, animal and environment. Recently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E.coli has posed a threat to public health. Generally, captive healthy giant pandas are not exposed to antibiotics; however, they still acquire antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In order to understand whether there is an exchange of resistance genes within the ecosystems of captive giant pandas, this study explored resistance characteristics of 330 commensal E. coli isolates from feces of giant pandas, the surroundings, and breeders. Isolates from different sources showed similar resistance phenotype, and ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates showed more profound resistance to antibiotics than non-ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates (P<0.05). Furthermore, the occurrence of broad-spectrum β-lactamase related resistance genes and colistin resistance genes was detected, and isolates phylogenetic typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were applied in this study. Seven different β-lactamase resistance genes (bla(CTX-M-55), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(CTX-M-27), bla(CTX-M-65), bla(TEM-1), bla(OXA-1) and bla(CMY)) and mcr-1 were found in 68 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. bla(CTX-M-55) (48.53 %) was found the most predominant resistance genes, followed by bla(TEM-1) (19.12 %) and bla(CTX-M-27) (16.18 %). Nonetheless, bla(CTX-M-55) was commonly detected in the isolates from giant pandas (63.16 %), the surroundings (43.48 %), and breeders (33.33 %). However, there were no carbapenemase genes detected in this study. mcr-1 was harbored in only one isolate from giant panda. Forty-five tansconjugants were successfully obtained in the conjugation experiments. The presence of antimicrobial resistance and related resistance genes tested were observed in the transconjugants. The results indicated that 52.63 % of the isolates from giant panda 73.91 % of the isolates from surroundings, and 100 % of the isolates from breeders were phylogroup A. Total of 27 sequence types (ST) were recognized from the isolate by MLST and found that ST48 (19/68; 27.94 %) was the predominant ST type, especially in the isolates from giant pandas and the surroundings. In conclusion, commensal ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli becomes a reservoir of ESBL resistance genes, which is a potential threaten to health of giant pandas. The interaction between giant pandas, surroundings and breeders contribute to development of resistant phenotypes and genotypes which might transfer across species or the surroundings easily; hence, strict monitoring based on a "One Health" approach is recommended.202438728939
263790.9998Potentially Pathogenic Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Lamb Meat. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance remains a threat since ESC are important antimicrobials used to treat infections in humans and animals. Escherichia coli is an important source of ESC-resistance genes, such as those encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). E. coli is a common commensal of lambs. Reports that contaminated food can be a source of ESC-resistant bacteria in humans and that ESBL-producing E. coli are found in sheep in Brazil led us to survey their presence in retail lamb meat. Twenty-five samples intended for human consumption were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli, and the isolates were characterized. IncI1-bla(CTX-M-8) and IncHI2-bla(CTX-M-2) were the main plasmids responsible for ESC resistance. The plasmids harbored common ESBL genes in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Brazil. IncI1-bla(CTX-M-14) and IncF-bla(CTX-M-55) plasmids, associated with human infections, were also detected. Few CTX-M-producing E. coli have been clustered by typing methods, and some may be genetically pathogenic. The findings indicate the presence of diverse strains of E. coli, harboring important ESBL genes, in lamb meat in Brazil. Surveillance of ESC-resistant bacteria could reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the food chain.202133417827
1101100.9998New insights into resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins of Escherichia coli in poultry, Portugal: Novel bla(CTX-M-166) and bla(ESAC) genes. The increasing incidence of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative organisms that has been observed in food animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs, are suggestive that animals, food and environment are potential sources of ESBL-producing bacteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterized commensal E. coli obtained from healthy broiler and turkey flocks at slaughter for the presence of penicillinases-, ESBL-, extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC)-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance- and MCR-encoding genes. Study of clonal relatedness showed genetic diversity among CTX-M-type, SHV-12 and TEM-52 producing isolates with human isolates of the same type, was also assessed. We detected that eleven (5.4%, 11/202) and forty-five (2.2%, 45/185) E. coli isolates from broilers and turkeys, respectively, carried bla(ESBL) or bla(ESAC) genes and two isolates from turkeys carried mcr-1 gene. A new variant bla(CTX-M-166) was reported in a multidrug resistant isolate from a broiler flock. Overall, we detected a diversity of resistance mechanisms among E. coli from food-producing animals, all of them with high importance at a public health level.201729031106
982110.9998Seven-year surveillance of the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, with a focus on ST131 clones, among healthy people in Osaka, Japan. OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator of antimicrobial resistance, and some strains of E. coli cause infectious diseases. E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131) - a global antimicrobial-resistant pandemic E. coli clone - is frequently detected in clinical specimens. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are monitored via national surveillance in clinical settings; however, monitoring information in non-clinical settings is limited. This study elucidated antimicrobial resistance trends of E. coli and dissemination of ST131 among healthy people in non-clinical settings. METHODS: This study collected 517 E. coli isolates from healthy people in Osaka, Japan, between 2013 and 2019. It analysed antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates and detected the bla and mcr genes in ampicillin-resistant and colistin-resistant isolates, respectively, and the ST131 clone. RESULTS: Antimicrobial resistance rates of the bacteria isolated from healthy people in non-clinical settings were lower than for those in clinical settings. The resistance of the isolates to cefotaxime (4.4%) and ciprofloxacin (13.5%) gradually increased during the study period. In 23 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, the most frequent bla genes belonged to the bla(CTX-M-9) group, followed by bla(CTX-M-1) goup, bla(TEM) and bla(CMY-2). One mcr-1-harbouring colistin-resistant isolate was detected in 2016. The incidence of the E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was approximately 5% until 2015 and 10% after 2016. CONCLUSION: Both ciprofloxacin resistance and O25b-ST131 clone frequency increased during the study period. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria gradually spread in healthy people in non-clinical settings; one reason behind this spread was dissemination of global antimicrobial-resistant pandemic clones.202133556490
1100120.9998Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. and report of an mcr-1 colistin-resistance Escherichia fergusonni strain from minced meat in Pamplona, Colombia. Foods of animal origin are increasingly considered a source of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria which can disseminate throughout the food chain and become a health concern for humans. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in 100 retail minced meat samples taken in markets in Pamplona, Colombia. A total of 19 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained, 18 identified as E. coli and one as E. fergusonii. Fifteen isolates (78.9 %) carried bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM) genes, one (5.2 %) bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes, one isolate (5.2 %) carried bla(CTX-M) and one (5.2 %) bla(SHV) alone. The majority of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates carried the bla(CTX-M-15) gene (13 isolates), being the bla(CTX-M-9), bla(CTX-M-2), and bla(CTX-M-8) (one isolate each) also detected. Two SHV-positive isolates presented the bla(SHV-5) and bla(SHV-12) allele. The isolate identified as E. fergusonii was positive for bla(CTX-M-65) gene and mcr-1 gene. Sixteen isolates (84.2 %) belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and grouped together in the phylogenetic tree obtained by MLST; phylogroups E and F were also detected. Transfer of ESBL resistance was demonstrated for the E. fergusonii isolate. Whole genome sequencing of this isolate revealed the presence of plasmids carrying additional resistance genes. This investigation showed the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail samples of minced meat. Also, the isolation of a strain of E. fergusonii is an additional concern, as some resistance genes are located in mobile elements, which can be transmitted to other bacteria. These evidences support the increasing public health concern considering the spreading of resistance genes through the food chain.202336931145
1017130.9998Evaluation of canine raw food products for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria of the order Enterobacterales. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential contamination of commercial raw dog food products with bacteria of the Enterobacterales order that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase enzymes, determine risk factors for contamination, and understand isolate genetic diversity. SAMPLES: A total of 200 canine raw food products. METHODS: Products were cultured on selective chromogenic agar following enrichment steps. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for isolates that were confirmed to produce an ESBL. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial resistance genes, and multilocus sequences typing, and compared to other isolates in the NCBI database for clonality. Preservation method and protein sources were assessed as potential risk factors for contamination with ESBL and carbapenemase-producing bacteria of the Enterobacterales order. RESULTS: No carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) were identified, but ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria were isolated from 20/200 products (10.0%; 95% CI, 7.3 to 16.5%), all of which were frozen. Pork-derived protein source products were 8.1 times (P = .001; 95% CI, 2.53 to 26.2) more likely to carry ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria than other protein sources. WGS analysis confirmed the presence of ESBL genes in a total of 25 distinct isolates (19 Escherichia coli, 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Citrobacter braakii). Genes encoding CTX-M type ESBL enzymes were the most common (24/25 isolates, 96.0%) with blaCTX-M-27 being the most common allele (8/25, 32.0%). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Frozen, raw food products may serve as a route of transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria to companion animals. Veterinarians should advise owners about the risks of raw food diets, including potential exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.202235895774
1729140.9998Plasmid-Borne and Chromosomal ESBL/AmpC Genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Global Food Products. Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with potential zoonotic transmission routes, are one of the greatest threats to global health. The aim of this study was to investigate global food products as potential vehicles for ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria and identify plasmids harboring resistance genes. We sampled 200 food products purchased from Finland capital region during fall 2018. Products originated from 35 countries from six continents and represented four food categories: vegetables (n = 60), fruits and berries (n = 50), meat (n = 60), and seafood (n = 30). Additionally, subsamples (n = 40) were taken from broiler meat. Samples were screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae and whole genome sequenced to identify resistance and virulence genes and sequence types (STs). To accurately identify plasmids harboring resistance and virulence genes, a hybrid sequence analysis combining long- and short-read sequencing was employed. Sequences were compared to previously published plasmids to identify potential epidemic plasmid types. Altogether, 14 out of 200 samples were positive for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae. Positive samples were recovered from meat (18%; 11/60) and vegetables (5%; 3/60) but were not found from seafood or fruit. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae was found in 90% (36/40) of broiler meat subsamples. Whole genome sequencing of selected isolates (n = 21) revealed a wide collection of STs, plasmid replicons, and genes conferring multidrug resistance. bla (CTX-M-15)-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 was identified in vegetable (n = 1) and meat (n = 1) samples. Successful IncFII plasmid type was recovered from vegetable and both IncFII and IncI1-Iγ types from meat samples. Hybrid sequence analysis also revealed chromosomally located beta-lactamase genes in two of the isolates and indicated similarity of food-derived plasmids to other livestock-associated sources and also to plasmids obtained from human clinical samples from various countries, such as IncI type plasmid harboring bla (TEM-52C) from a human urine sample obtained in the Netherlands which was highly similar to a plasmid obtained from broiler meat in this study. Results indicate certain foods contain bacteria with multidrug resistance and pose a possible risk to public health, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and the need for further studies on epidemiology of epidemic plasmids.202133613476
1011150.9998Mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance in indicator Escherichia coli isolated from food animals. Resistance to β-lactams is considered one of the major global problems and recently it became the most frequently studied topic in the area of antimicrobial resistance. The study was focused on phenotypic and genetic characterisation of commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli), including those producing cephalosporinases, isolated from gut flora of healthy slaughter animals. E. coli were cultured simultaneously on MacConkey agar (MCA) and cefotaxime supplemented MCA. The isolates were confirmed with ONPG and indol tube tests as well as PCR targeting uspA gene. Microbroth dilution method was applied for determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations and interpreted according to EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values. Cephalosporin resistance phenotypes were defined by E-tests (BioMerieux) and relevant gene amplicons from selected strains were sequenced. A total of 298 E. coli isolates with cephalosporin resistance (ESC) found in 99 ones, were obtained from 318 cloacal or rectal swabs deriving from broilers, layers, turkeys, pigs and cattle. Both extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and ampC-cephalosporinase resistance phenotypes were noted in all tested animal species but cattle. At least one of the analysed genes was identified in 90 out of 99 cephalosporin-resistant isolates: bla(TEM) (n=44), bla(CMY) (n=38), bla(CTX-M) (n=33) and bla(SHV) (n=12). None of the phenotypes was identified in nine isolates. Sequencing of PCR products showed occurrence of ESBL-genes: bla(CTX-M-1/-61), bla(SHV-12), bla(TEM-1,-52/-92,-135) and ampC-gene bla(CMY-2). They were located on numerous and diverse plasmids and resistance transferability was proved by electroporation of bla(SHV-12) and bla(CTX-M-1/-61) located on X1 plasmids. Detection of cephalosporin resistant E. coli confirms the existence of resistance genes reservoir in farm animals and their possible spread (i.e. via IncX1 plasmids) to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. The identified genetic background indicates on ecological aspects of selection and dissemination of cephalosporin resistance in E. coli isolated from food-producing animals rather than its potential role for public health threats.201626869096
1098160.9998Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea, Burkina Faso. BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide. This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain Enterobacterioceae species. However, the distribution of these genes is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of the resistant genes coding for broad spectrum beta-lactamases and quinolones in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: Multiplex PCR assays were carried out to detect ESBL-encoding genes, including bla(OXA), bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV). The assays also assessed the presence of quinolone resistance gene namely qnrA, qnrB and qnrS in the quinolone-resistance DEC and Salmonella strains. RESULTS: The Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) resistance phenotype was reported in all the E. coli isolates (5/5). Cross-resistance phenotype to quinolones (CRQ) was shown by one Salmonella strain (1/9) and three E. coli (3/5). Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one Salmonella (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two E. coli strains (2/5). Whilst the bla(OXA) genes were detected in 100% (5/5) of E. coli isolates and in 33.33% (3/9) Salmonella isolates. One strain of E. coli (1/5) harbored the bla(CTX-M) gene and the qnrB gene simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified β-lactam (bla) and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in rural Burkina Faso. Our finding which highlighted the enterobacteriaceae strains resistance to β-lactams and quinolones are of high interest for adequate management of antimicrobial resistant genes outbreak in Burkina Faso.202033010801
981170.9998ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales from Swedish dogs and cats 2017-2021: a retrospective study. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a threat to both human and animal health. Of special concern are resistance mechanisms that are transmissible between bacteria, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC). ESBL/AmpC resistance is also of importance as it confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including third generation cephalosporins. The Swedish Veterinary Agency (former English name National Veterinary Institute) performs confirmatory testing of suspected ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical background, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relationships of confirmed isolates from dogs and cats in Sweden from 2017 to 2021. RESULTS: The study includes 92 isolates of ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria from 82 dogs, and 28 isolates from 23 cats. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria, and the most frequent sampling site was the urinary tract. From eight dogs and two cats, ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria were isolated on more than one occasion. Multi-resistance was more than twice as common in samples from dogs (50%) than in samples from cats (22%). Among dogs, sequence type (ST) 131 and ST372 were the dominant strains and bla(CMY-2) and bla(CTX-M-15) the dominant genes conferring reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. Among cats, ST73 was the dominant strain and bla(CTX-M-15) the dominant gene. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring the resistance patterns and genetic relationships of bacteria over time is important to follow the results of measures taken to reduce resistance. Knowledge of the appropriate antibiotic usage is also crucial. In this study, a variety of STs and ESBL/pAmpC-genes were detected among the isolates. There were available antibiotics likely effective for treatment in all cases, based on resistance pattern, infection site and host species.202539762972
1010180.9998Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Carried by Migratory Birds on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of Northern China from 2018 to 2023. (1) Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent global threat to public health. Migratory birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria from the environment or through contact with each other and spread them over long distances. The objectives of this study were to explore the relationship between migratory birds and the transmission of drug-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. (2) Methods: Faeces and swab samples from migratory birds were collected for isolating E. coli on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of northern China from 2018 to 2023. The resistant phenotypes and spectra of isolates were determined using a BD Phoenix 100 System. Conjugation assays were performed on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and the genomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing isolates were sequenced and analysed. (3) Results: Overall, 179 isolates were antibiotic-resistant, with 49.7% MDR and 14.0% ESBL. Plasmids were successfully transferred from 32% of ESBL-producing strains. Genome sequencing analysis of 91 MDR E. coli strains identified 57 acquired resistance genes of 13 classes, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and avian pathogenic E. coli accounted for 26.4% and 9.9%, respectively. There were 52 serotypes and 54 sequence types (STs), including ST48 (4.4%), ST69 (4.4%), ST131 (2.2%) and ST10 (2.2%). The international high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST10 primarily carried bla(CTX-M-27) and bla(TEM-176). (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant virulent E. coli in migratory birds on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. This indicates a risk of intercontinental transmission from migratory birds to livestock and humans.202438930458
2635190.9998Presence and Diversity of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistance Among Escherichia coli from Urban Wastewater and Feedlot Cattle in Alberta, Canada. A recent preliminary study from our group found that extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance determinants can be detected in the majority of composite fecal samples collected from Alberta feedlot cattle. Most notably, bla(CTX-M) genes were detected in 46.5% of samples. Further isolate characterization identified bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(CTX-M-27), which are widespread in bacteria from humans. We hypothesized that Escherichia coli of human and beef cattle origins share the same pool of bla(CTX-M) genes. In this study, we aimed to assess and compare the genomic profiles of a larger collection of bla(CTX-M)-positive E. coli recovered from fecal composite samples from Canadian beef feedlot cattle and human wastewater through whole-genome sequencing. The variants bla(CTX-M-55), bla(CTX-M-32), bla(CTX-M-27), bla(CTX-M-15), and bla(CTX-M-14) were found in both urban wastewater and cattle fecal isolates. Core genome multilocus sequence typing showed little similarity between the fecal and wastewater isolates. Thus, if the dissemination of genes between urban wastewater and feedlot cattle occurs, it does not appear to be related to the expansion of specific clonal lineages. Further investigations are warranted to assemble and compare plasmids carrying these genes to better understand the modalities and directionality of transfer.202031553261