Virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women with urinary tract infections: the risk of neonatal sepsis. - Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
248601.0000Virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women with urinary tract infections: the risk of neonatal sepsis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is classified as the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC virulence and antibiotic resistance can lead to complications in pregnant women and (or) newborns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the etiological agents of UTIs, as well as to identify genes related to virulence factors in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 4506 urine samples were collected from pregnant and nonpregnant women. Urine cultures were performed, and PCR was used to identify phylogroups and virulence-related genes. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. The incidence of UTIs was 6.9% (pregnant women, n = 206 and nonpregnant women, n = 57), and UPEC belonging to phylogroup A was the most prevalent. The presence of genes related to capsular protection, adhesins, iron acquisition, and serum protection in UPEC was associated with not being pregnant, while the presence of genes related to adhesins was associated with pregnancy. Bacteria isolated from nonpregnant women were more resistant to antibiotics; 36.5% were multidrug resistant, and 34.9% were extensively drug resistant. Finally, UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk, particularly in pregnant women who underwent cesarean section while having a UTI caused by E. coli. In conclusion, UPEC isolated from nonpregnant women carried more virulence factors than those isolated from pregnant women, and maternal UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk.202337815047
169810.9996Molecular typing of bacterial vaginosis isolates by using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. OBJECTIVES: Bacterial vaginitis is one of the common conditions in the reproductive age of women characterized by inflammation in the vaginal mucosa. Among the various etiological agents that influence vaginitis, one of the most common etiological agents is bacteria that belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family members, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which have been found as the primary common pathogen of aerobic vaginitis. This study aims to determine the genetic relatedness of the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) technique isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant patients diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient's vaginal swabs were collected using a sterile vaginal swab and screened for Gram-negative bacteria, and then the genus of those bacteria was identified using gold-standard microbiology techniques such as culturomics. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The organism's susceptibility was tested against eleven antimicrobial agents. A single-plex PCR was carried out for the following genes: Temoneira (TEM), Sulfhydryl reagent variable (SHV), and Cefotaxime-hydrolyzing β-lactamase (CTXM). After identifying ESBL resistance using the endpoint PCR, the genetic relatedness between each strain was determined using ERIC-PCR. Then, the gel was analyzed using the Gel-J software to create the phylogenetic tree dendrogram to find the genetic variations. RESULTS: Antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes demonstrated that antibiotic resistance is more prevalent in E. coli and K. pneumonia, which was shown to be the primary causative agent involved in bacterial vaginosis towards fluoroquinolone resistance. Over fifty percent of the isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance trait. CONCLUSION: This study's findings demonstrate an increase in multi-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli prevalent in pregnant and nonpregnant women after examination. The results of the ERIC PCR analysis showed a significant genetic diversity between the strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli, indicating the polyclonal distribution of these isolates in both pregnant and nonpregnant women presented with vaginal infections.202540216098
218620.9995Bacterial drug-resistance patterns and genetic diversity of bacteria-associated bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to determine the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs), resistance profiles of isolated bacteria, and virulence factors of Escherichia coli associated with bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana. METHODS: Midstream urine samples from 982 diabetic patients were tested for uropathogens at the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre in Ghana, using standard bacteriological methods, with antibiogram testing of the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, as per CLSI guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the phylogenetic groupings and virulence factor (VF) genes of isolated E. coli. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of UTIs was 9.2%, and the main uropathogens were Klebsiella spp. (55.6%) and Escherichia coli (31.3%). Age, duration of diabetes, and a previous history of UTIs were risk factors associated with UTI (p-value < 0.05). High levels of antibacterial resistance to cefuroxime (84%), ampicillin (80%), and gentamicin (70.7%) were observed. The distribution of VFs in each phylogenetic group revealed that sfa-iutA-KpsTMII-KpsTMIII genes were associated with group B2, and iutA-ibe were associated with group D. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated uropathogens were highly resistant, and the E. coli isolates possessed varying VFs. Continuous monitoring of bacteria associated with UTI in diabetics is highly recommended.202135757820
116330.9995A Three-Year Look at the Phylogenetic Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Virulence Genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, resulting in about 150 million reported annual cases. With multidrug resistance on the rise and the need for global and region surveillance, this investigation looks at the UPEC isolates collected for a 3-year period, with a view of ascertaining their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated virulence determinants. The identification of bacteria isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production was determined with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System (BioMerieux, Marcy L'Etoile, France). ESBLs were confirmed by the combined disc test (CDT) and basic biochemical test. The isolates were distributed into A (11%), B1 (6%), B2 (62.4%), and D (20.6%). Resistance to the penicillin group was high, between 88% and 100%. Additionally, resistance was high to cephalosporins (100%) in 2017 and 2018. The isolates were all sensitive to tigecycline, while resistance against imipenem and meropenem was low, at 4-12% in 2017 and 2018 and 0% in 2019. The results also showed that ESBL isolates were seen in 2017 and 2018. They were confirmed positive to CTX/CLA (88.5%) and CAZ/CLA (85%). By 2019, the number of resistant isolates reduced, showing only 4% ESBL isolates. Two virulence genes, fimH (46%) and papE/F (15%), were detected among the isolates by PCR. In conclusion, this study found that phylogroups B2 and D carried the most virulence genes as well as MDR and ESBL characteristics, suggesting the UPEC strains to be extraintestinal pathogens responsible for UTIs.202235745485
215140.9995Study of the Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Iraqi Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Urinary tract infection is one of the last diseases prevalent in humans, with various causative agents affecting 250 million people annually, This study analyzed UTIs in Iraqi patients caused by Escherichia coli. ESBL enzymes contribute to antibiotic resistance. The research aimed to analyze ESBL gene frequency, resistance patterns, and genetic diversity of E. coli strains; Between Dec 2020 and May 2021, 200 urine samples were collected, cultured on blood agar, EMB, and MacConkey's plates, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Positive samples (> 100 cfu/ml) underwent Kirby-Bauer and CLSI antibiotic susceptibility testing. PCR detected virulence genes, Beta-lactamase coding genes, and biofilm-associated resistance genes in E. coli isolates; Out of 200 isolates, 80% comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, 120 isolates (60%) were Gram-negative, while 40 isolates (20%) were Gram-positive. Among Gram-negative isolates, 20% were identified as E. coli. Remarkably, all E. coli strains showed resistance to all tested antibiotics, ranging from 80 to 95% resistance. The E. coli isolates harbored three identified resistance genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM. Regarding biofilm production, 10% showed no formation, 12% weak formation, 62% moderate formation, and 16% strong formation; our study found that pathogenic E. coli caused 20% of UTIs. The majority of studied E. coli strains from UTI patients carried the identified virulence genes, which are vital for infection development and persistence.202439011020
235550.9995Causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis. BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is characterised by bacteraemia and clinical symptoms caused by microorganisms and their toxic products. Gram negative bacteria are the commonest causes of neonatal Sepsis. The resistance to the commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly high. The major reason for emerging resistance against antibiotics is that doctors often do not take blood cultures before starting antibiotics. We have carried out this study to find out various bacteria causing neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility to antibiotics for better management of neonatal sepsis. METHODS: A total of 130 neonates with sepsis who were found to be blood culture positive were taken in this study. Culture/sensitivity was done, isolated organisms identified and their sensitivity/resistance was noted against different antibiotics. Data were arranged in terms of frequencies and percentage. RESULTS: Out of 130 culture proven cases of neonatal sepsis, gram negative bacteria were found in 71 (54.6%) cases and gram positive bacteria in 59 (45.4%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria found in 35 (26.9%) cases followed by Escherichia coli in 30 (23.1%) cases. Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebseila, Streptococci, Enterobacter cloacae and Morexella species were found in 17 (13.1%), 17 (13.1%), 13 (10%), 7 (5.4%), 6 (4.6%), and 5 (3.8%) cases respectively. In most of the cases causative organisms were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone (77.7%, 81.5%, 63.1%, and 66.9% respectively). There was comparatively less (56.9%) resistance to ceftazidime. Gentamicin had resistance in 55.1% cases, while amikacin and tobramycin had relatively less resistance (17.4% and 34.8% cases respectively). Quinolones and imipenem had relatively less resistance. Vancomycin was found to be effective in 100% cases of Staphylococcus group. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus are the most common gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli are the most common gram negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly increasing. Continued surveillance is mandatory to assess the resistance pattern at a certain level.201224669633
221260.9995Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi. OBJECTIVE: This study set out to clarify the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urinary calculi. METHODS: Pathogens were isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary calculi also complicated with UTIs, during the period from 2015 to 2019, and the samples were cultured for drug sensitivity testing to study the drug resistance of pathogens. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI (84.52%). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Monilia albicans were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (48.84%), Gram-positive bacteria (34.78%) and fungus (29.41%), respectively. The UTI rates were higher in female patients than in male patients, and were higher in patients ≥ 60 years old compared with those < 60 years old. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance to ampicillin and the lowest resistance to imipenem. Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus Faecium had the highest resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, but the lowest resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the pathogenic bacteria found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI are mainly Gram-negative bacteria; and Escherichia coli is the main pathogenic bacteria causing the infection. Gender and age may be risk factors for urinary calculi complicated with UTI. Antibiotics should be selected reasonably according to the drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria in clinical anti-infection management.202134650726
170070.9995The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Neonates in Kuwait. Increasing numbers of neonates with serious bacterial infections, due to resistant bacteria, are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the neonatal population and their mothers in Farwaniya Hospital in Kuwait and to determine the basis of resistance. Rectal screening swabs were taken from 242 mothers and 242 neonates in labor rooms and wards. Identification and sensitivity testing were performed using the VITEK(®) 2 system. Each isolate flagged with any resistance was subjected to the E-test susceptibility method. The detection of resistance genes was performed by PCR, and the Sanger sequencing method was used to identify mutations. Among 168 samples tested by the E-test method, no MDR Enterobacteriaceae were detected among the neonates, while 12 (13.6%) isolates from the mothers' samples were MDR. ESBL, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and folate pathway inhibitor resistance genes were detected, while beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, and tigecycline resistance genes were not. Our results showed that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae obtained from neonates in Kuwait is low, and this is encouraging. Furthermore, it is possible to conclude that neonates are acquiring resistance mostly from the environment and after birth but not from their mothers.202337189605
170180.9995Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, relation to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The type VI secretion system (T6SS) was identified as a novel virulence factor in many Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the T6SS genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae-causing different nosocomial infections, and to study the association between T6SS, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation in the isolated bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of fifty-six non-repetitive K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different inpatients admitted at Sohag University Hospital from September 2022 to March 2023. Samples were cultured, colonies were identified, and antimicrobial sensitivity was done by VITEK® 2 Compact. Biofilm formation was checked using Congo red agar method. T6SS genes, and capsular serotypes were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Fifty-six K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained in culture. 38 isolates (67.86%) produced biofilm and 44 (78.57%) were positive for T6SS in PCR. There was a significant association between the presence of T6SS and resistance to the following antibiotics: meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. All biofilm-forming bacteria had T6SS, with significant differences towards T6SS -positive bacteria. There was no significant association between T6SS, and the presence of certain capsular types. CONCLUSION: The T6SS-positive K. pneumoniae has greater antibiotic resistance, and biofilm-forming ability which is considered a potential pathogenicity of this emerging gene cluster.202337941882
218990.9995High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) toxin carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria in late onset neonatal sepsis indicate nosocomial spread in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital. BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis has high incidence with significant mortality and morbidity rates in Pakistan. We investigated common etiological patterns of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care setup. METHODS: 90 pus and blood, gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates were analyzed for virulence and antibiotic resistance gene profiling using PCR and disc diffusion methods. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus showed strong association with neonatal sepsis (43 %) followed by Citrobacter freundii (21 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 %), Escherichia coli (15 %) and Salmonella enterica (8 %). Molecular typing of E. coli isolates depicted high prevalence of the virulent F and B2 phylogroups, with 4 hypervirulent phylogroup G isolates. 76.9 % S. aureus isolates showed presence of Luk-PV, encoding for Panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin with majority also carrying MecA gene and classified as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). ecpA, papC, fimH and traT virulence genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella isolates. 47 % Citrobacter freundii isolates carried the shiga like toxin SltII B. Antimicrobial resistance profiling depicted common resistance to cephalosporins, beta lactams and fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSION: Presence of PVL carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, all isolated from late onset sepsis neonates indicate a predominant nosocomial transmission pattern which may complicate management of the disease in NICU setups.202336621204
5789100.9995Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Background: A urinary tract infection (UTI) resulting from multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci is a common disease with few therapeutic options. About 15% of urinary tract infections are caused by biofilm-producing Enterococcus spp. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the MDR enterococci associated with UTIs and assess their potential to produce biofilms. Methods: Thirty Enterococcus isolates were obtained from urine samples collected from UTI patients at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion techniques against 15 antimicrobial agents. Two techniques, Congo red agar (CRA) and a microtiter plate (MTP), were used to assess the potential of the isolates to produce biofilms. The enterococcal isolates were screened for biofilm-related genes, esp; ebpA; and ebpB, using the PCR method. Results: The molecular identification of the collected bacteria revealed the presence of 73.3% Enterococcus faecalis and 26.6% Enterococcus faecium. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the tested Enterococcus spp. were resistant to all antimicrobials except for linezolid and tigecycline. Additionally, by employing the CRA and MTP techniques, 76.6% and 100% of the Enterococcus isolates were able to generate biofilms, respectively. In terms of the association between the antibiotic resistance and biofilm’s formation, it was observed that isolates capable of creating strong biofilms were extremely resistant to most of the antibiotics tested. The obtained data showed that all the tested isolates had biofilm-encoding genes. Conclusions: Our research revealed that the biofilm-producing enterococci bacteria that causes urinary tract infections were resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to seek other pharmacological treatments if antibiotic medicine fails.202236678381
2354110.9995Resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates against frequently used antibiotics at private sector laboratories in Jordan. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in S. aureus isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories against commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The process involved collecting various samples from several private laboratories and then identifying S. aureus isolates using biochemical characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, Rt-PCR was employed to identify two genes namely the methicillin/oxacillin resistance genes (mecA), and (SCCmec). RESULTS: The findings of the current study exhibited that females constituted a larger proportion of the participants (59.1%) compared to males (40.9%), with a mean participant age of 40.82 years. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent (71.3%) than Gram-negative bacteria (18.3%), with S. aureus being the most frequent isolate (60.9%). Urine samples represented the highest collected sample type (47.8%). Out of the 115 bacterial isolates, 85.2% exhibited multidrug resistance to antibiotics such as cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 62.9%, followed by teicoplanin and meropenem, each with a sensitivity rate of 52.9%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were susceptabile to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The methicillin/oxacillin resistant isolates showed significant association with mecA and SCCA genes. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the multi-drug resistance in S. aureus isolates, stressing the need for stringent antibiotic stewardship, continuous surveillance, and further research into alternative treatments, including novel antibiotics and combination therapy, to combat resistant strains.202540337673
2204120.9995Multidrug resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from patient with chronic sinusitis. BACKGROUND: Treatment of chronic sinusitis is complicated due to increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis in north of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with chronic sinusitis. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to the CLSI 2013 standards. Double-disk synergy (DDS) test was performed for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria; also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) strains were identified by MRSA screen agar. The MDR isolates were defined as resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the features of the data in this study. RESULTS: The rate of ESBL-producing bacteria was 28.75-37.03% among enterobacteriaceae and the rate of MRSA was 42.75%-60% among Staphylococcus strains. The most detectable rate of the MDR bacterial isolates was Gram-negative bacteria 39 (76.47%) and Enterobacter spp. 19(70.37%) was the most multidrug resistant isolate among Gram negative bacteria. Also 36 (73.46%) of the gram positive bacterial isolated were multidrug resistance and Staphylococcus aureus 9(90%) was the most MDR among Gram positive bacteria. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in chronic bacterial sinusitis. The emergence of MRSA and ESBL bacteria causing chronic sinusitis is increasing.201627386063
917130.9995Virulence characterization and clonal analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates. BACKGROUND: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major cause of urinary tract infection (UTI); however, treatment of UTI has been challenging due to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR). One of the most important types of AMR is carbapenem resistance (CR). CR bacteria are known as an important threat to global public health today. Class B metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are one of the major factors for resistance against carbapenems. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of UPEC isolates producing MBL. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to December 2019 in Ahvaz; Iran. UPEC isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates were detected using modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) tests. MBL genes, phylogenetic group, and virulence genes profile of carbapenem resistant isolates were determined. Conjugation assay and plasmid profiling were conducted to evaluate the ability of transferring of CR to other E. coli isolates. Clonal similarity of isolates were assessed using Enterobacterial intergenic repetitive element sequence (ERIC)-PCR. RESULTS: Among 406 UPEC isolates, 12 (2.95%) carbapenem-resistant were detected of which 11 were phenotypically MBL-producing strains. Four isolates were resistant to all investigated antimicrobial agents and were considered possible pandrug-resistant (PDR). bla(NDM), bla(OXA-48), bla(IMP-1), and bla(IMP-2) genes were found in 9, 5, 1, and 1 isolates, respectively. Among 30 virulence genes investigated, the traT, fyuA followed by fimH, and iutA with the frequency of 8 (66.7%), 8 (66.7%), 7 (58.3%), and 7 (58.3%) were the most identified genes, respectively. Siderophore production was the main virulence trait among carbapenem-resistant UPEC isolates. Except for two, all other isolates showed weak to moderate virulence index. In all recovered isolates, CR was readily transmitted via plasmids to other isolates during conjugation experiments. CONCLUSION: MBL and carbapenemase genes, especially bla(NDM) and bla(OXA-48) are spreading rapidly among bacteria, which can be a threat to global public health. Therefore monitoring the emergence and dissemination of new AMR is necessary to continuously refine guidelines for empiric antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance and virulence in this group of bacteria can play an effective role in providing new therapeutic methods.202134344363
2335140.9995Isolation, identification, molecular typing, and drug resistance of Escherichia coli from infected cattle and sheep in Xinjiang, China. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli infections are common in Xinjiang, a major region of cattle and sheep breeding in China. Therefore, strategies are required to control E. coli. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of E. coli isolates. METHODS: In this study, 116 tissue samples were collected from the organs of cattle and sheep that were suspected of having E. coli infections between 2015 and 2019. Bacteria in the samples were identified using a biochemical identification system and amplification of 16S rRNA, and the phylogenetic groupings of E. coli isolates were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. In addition, PCR detection and analysis of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, and drug-resistant phenotypes of E. coli isolates were performed. RESULTS: A total of 116 pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to seven phylogenetic groups were isolated, with the majority of isolates in groups A and B1. Among the virulence genes, curli-encoding crl had the highest detection rate of 97.4%, followed by hemolysin-encoding hlyE with the detection rate of 94.82%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results indicated that the isolates had the highest rates of resistance against streptomycin (81.9%). CONCLUSION: These characteristics complicate the prevention and treatment of E. coli-related diseases in Xinjiang.202336977209
1699150.9994Association between the presence of CRISPR-Cas system genes and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients admitted in Ahvaz teaching hospitals. BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the frequency of cas1 and cas3 and CRISPR1,2,3 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, as well as their connection with antibiotic resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 106 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by biochemical assays and PCR. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Screening of ESBLs was undertaken by using double disk diffusion and standard disk diffusion methods. The E-test and mCIM techniques was used to confirm the disc diffusion-based carbapenem resistance profiles. CRISPR-Cas system genes were identified using PCR. RESULTS: ESBL production was found in 19% of isolates. Carbapenemase production was found in 46% of the isolates. Furthermore, the bacteria were classified as multidrug (76%), extensively drug-resistant (4%), or pan-drug-resistant (2%). When CRISPR/Cas systems were present, antibiotic resistance was lower; conversely, when they were absent, resistance was higher. CONCLUSIONS: If the CRISPR/Cas modules aren't present, the bacteria can still acquire foreign DNA, including antibiotic resistance genes. K. pneumoniae isolates with a CRISPR-Cas system were less likely to carry antibiotic-resistance genes than those lacking this defense system.202439375619
2319160.9994Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and associated factors in two hospital centers in Lebanon from January 2017 to June 2017. GENERAL PRESENTATION: Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a universal problem. With the increase in the rate of resistance, knowledge of susceptibility patterns is essential to guide antimicrobial therapy. In Lebanon, many studies investigated this subject. OBJECTIVES: Determine the rate of multidrug and extremely drug-resistant bacteria as well as the patterns of resistance and the factors associated with this resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using the cultures from the labs of two university hospitals in Lebanon. Bacteria were divided into four groups: sensitive, multidrug-, extremely- and pan-drug resistant. Patient information was obtained from the medical records. Using the SPSS software for Windows, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, USA), the frequency of the bacteria, their susceptibilities and the association of resistance with seven potential factors (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, previous hospitalization) were studied. RESULTS: The frequency of resistance was 53.7% (39.9% multidrug-resistant and 13.8% extremely drug-resistant). Escherichia coli strains were mostly susceptible to carbapenems and tigecycline; and nitrofurantoine and fosfomycin in urine. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were mostly sensitive to colistin. Klebsiella species were mostly susceptible to amikacin and carbapenems. MRSA rates were 34.8%. Association was seen between the resistant bacteria and older age, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and previous hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Resistance of bacteria to drugs in Lebanon is increasing. Significant association is seen between these bacteria and older age, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and previous hospitalization.202034368694
2347170.9994Multiple drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from aborted women by using serological and molecular techniques in Diwaniyah city/Iraq. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study was sought to detect the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant Iraqi women at Al-Diwaniya hospitals and determination of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 360 specimens including blood, urine, vaginal and endocervical were collected from 90 patients with spontaneous abortions. Blood samples were displayed to immunological study and remaining specimens were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis. PCR was used to determine the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. RESULTS: Fifteen positive samples (16.6%) of patients and thirteen isolates (14.5%) from patients were recognized based on ELISA and PCR assay respectively. The general isolation of L. monocytogenes strains in cases of abortive women was 13/270 (4.8%). L. monocytogenes strains were highly virulent because of presence of virulence factors associated genes, namely actA, hlyA, plcA and prfA in all strains. Multiple drug resistance (MAR) index values of 15.4% of isolates were >0.2. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for conducting susceptibility testing and to select the suitable antibiotics and avoid the effects of these bacteria in pregnant women.202032994901
2310180.9994Molecular and Clinical Data of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Producing Bacteremia in a Multicentric Cohort of Patients with Cancer in a Latin American Country. Patients with cancer have a higher risk of severe bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the frequency, susceptibility profiles, and resistance genes of bacterial species involved in bacteremia, as well as risk factors associated with mortality in cancer patients in Colombia. In this prospective multicenter cohort study of adult patients with cancer and bacteremia, susceptibility testing was performed and selected resistance genes were identified. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out for the identification of risk factors for mortality. In 195 patients, 206 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently found, in 142 cases (68.9%): 67 Escherichia coli (32.5%), 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), and 18 other Gram-negative isolates (8.7%). Staphylococcus aureus represented 12.4% (n = 25). Among the isolates, resistance to at least one antibiotic was identified in 63% of them. Genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases, blaCTX-M and blaKPC, respectively, were commonly found. Mortality rate was 25.6% and it was lower in those with adequate empirical antibiotic treatment (22.0% vs. 45.2%, OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.1-0.63, in the multivariate model). In Colombia, in patients with cancer and bacteremia, bacteria have a high resistance profile to beta-lactams, with a high incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. Adequate empirical treatment diminishes mortality, and empirical selection of treatment in this environment of high resistance is of key importance.202336838324
2207190.9994Precision medicine in practice: unravelling the prevalence and antibiograms of urine cultures for informed decision making in federal tertiary care- a guide to empirical antibiotics therapy. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most prevalent bacterial infections, are facing limited treatment options due to escalating concern of antibiotic resistance. Urine cultures significantly help in identification of etiological agents responsible for these infections. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these bacteria aids in tackling the emerging concern of antibiotic resistance and establishment of empirical therapy guidelines. Our aim was to determine various agents responsible for urinary tract infections and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed over a period of six months from January 2023 to July 2023 in Department of Microbiology of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS). RESULTS: Out of 2957 positive samples, Gram negative bacteria were the most prevalent in 1939 (65.6%) samples followed by Gram positive bacteria in 418 (14.1%) and Candida spp. in 269 (9.1%) samples. In gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most prevalent bacteria isolated from 1070 samples (55.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 397 samples (20.5%). In Gram positive bacteria, Enterococcus spp. was the most common bacteria in 213 samples (51%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 120 samples (28.7%). Amikacin was the most sensitive drug (91%) for Gram negative bacteria. Gram positive bacteria were most susceptible to linezolid (97%-100%). CONCLUSION: The generation of a hospital tailored antibiogram is essential for the effective management of infections and countering antibiotic resistance. By adopting antimicrobial stewardship strategies by deeper understanding of sensitivity patterns, we can effectively combat antibiotic resistance.202439267930