Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi. - Related Documents




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221201.0000Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi. OBJECTIVE: This study set out to clarify the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urinary calculi. METHODS: Pathogens were isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary calculi also complicated with UTIs, during the period from 2015 to 2019, and the samples were cultured for drug sensitivity testing to study the drug resistance of pathogens. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI (84.52%). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Monilia albicans were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (48.84%), Gram-positive bacteria (34.78%) and fungus (29.41%), respectively. The UTI rates were higher in female patients than in male patients, and were higher in patients ≥ 60 years old compared with those < 60 years old. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance to ampicillin and the lowest resistance to imipenem. Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus Faecium had the highest resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, but the lowest resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the pathogenic bacteria found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI are mainly Gram-negative bacteria; and Escherichia coli is the main pathogenic bacteria causing the infection. Gender and age may be risk factors for urinary calculi complicated with UTI. Antibiotics should be selected reasonably according to the drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria in clinical anti-infection management.202134650726
220310.9998What about Urinary Tract Infections and its Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Ilam, Iran? BACKGROUND: Because of the unknown situation of antibiotic resistance pattern in the main hospital in Ilam, Iran, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria obtained from referred patients to Imam Khomaini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. So, 114 bacteria were collected during 9-month period and evaluated for their antibiotic resistance patterns. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that Escherichia coli as the dominant responsible for urinary tract infection. Our results demonstrated that 61.4 % (n = 70) of isolates were positive for E.coli, while lowest prevalence was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results also showed that 6.4% (n = 7) were metallo beta lactamase (MBL) producers. Our findings showed only 4 gram positive bacteria were obtained from patients with urinary tract infections including one methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 2 vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we strongly recommended to perform a perfect study among all hospitals in Iran to evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance and make a real panel to control this issue.201829932037
231820.9997Distribution of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy and analysis of integron resistance genes in respiratory tract isolates of uninfected patients. BACKGROUND: We studied the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy and analyzed the integron resistance genes in respiratory tract isolates of uninfected patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was used to select sputum samples from 400 lung cancer patients after chemotherapy admitted in Fuyang People's Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019. Culture, isolation and identification of strains were conducted in accordance with the national clinical examination operating procedures. RESULTS: A total of 134 strains were identified. In 120 patients with pulmonary infection, 114 strains were cultured. Twenty strains of klebsiella pneumoniae were cultured in 280 patients without pulmonary infection. Among the 134 strains, the detection rate of gram-negative bacteria was 79.10%. The first four strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae. The gram-positive bacteria detection rate was 4.47%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. The fungus detection rate was 16.42%. The drug sensitivity results showed that the resistance rate of gram-negative bacillus to penicillin and cephalosporin was higher, and were more sensitive to carbapenem, piperacillin tazobactam and cefoperazone sulbactam. Gram-positive cocci were resistant to penicillin, macrolide and clindamycin, and sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and rifampicin. All strains of fungal culture were candida albicans, which were sensitive to common antifungal drugs. Among the 20 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae cultured in sputum specimens of non-infected patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy, 2 strains were integron-positive strains, and all of them were class I integrons. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer patients after chemotherapy have a high resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, so it is necessary to detect the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms in clinical practice. The strains carried by patients with lung cancer without pulmonary infection during chemotherapy can isolate type I integrons, suggesting that the spread of drug resistance at gene level should be closely detected.202032944333
216730.9997In and Outpatients Bacteria Antibiotic Resistances in Positive Urine Cultures from a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Part of Romania-A Cross-Sectional Study. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent a global problem with implications for mortality and morbidity. Published data present different bacterial incidences and different antibiotic resistance. The objective of our study is to evaluate the bacteria distribution in positive urine cultures in a mixed adult population and evaluate the differences in antibiotic resistance in in- and outpatients. METHODS: We analyzed 1186 positive urine cultures in 2021 from the Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu" from Timisoara, Romania. We evaluated the bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance stratified by in and outpatients from a mixed adult population. RESULTS: The median age was 67, with 65.7% females and 28.5% were outpatients. In inpatients, the most commonly identified bacteria was E. coli, followed by Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp., while in outpatients, E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. were the leading ones. Overall, E. coli presented the highest resistance rate to ampicillin, Enterococcus spp. to ciprofloxacin, Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins, and Proteus spp. to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Inpatients presented higher resistance rates for E. coli to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Klebsiella spp. to most cephalosporin, gentamycin and levofloxacin, Proteus spp. to gentamycin and Enterococcus spp. to gentamycin and quinolones when compared to outpatients. The highest incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria was among Acinetobacter baumanii, followed by Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp. CONCLUSIONS: susceptibility. Bacteria identified in inpatients' positive urine cultures present higher resistance rates to several antibiotics. Our study could be a foundation for a local or even national guideline for the antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections.202540136614
235540.9997Causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis. BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is characterised by bacteraemia and clinical symptoms caused by microorganisms and their toxic products. Gram negative bacteria are the commonest causes of neonatal Sepsis. The resistance to the commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly high. The major reason for emerging resistance against antibiotics is that doctors often do not take blood cultures before starting antibiotics. We have carried out this study to find out various bacteria causing neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility to antibiotics for better management of neonatal sepsis. METHODS: A total of 130 neonates with sepsis who were found to be blood culture positive were taken in this study. Culture/sensitivity was done, isolated organisms identified and their sensitivity/resistance was noted against different antibiotics. Data were arranged in terms of frequencies and percentage. RESULTS: Out of 130 culture proven cases of neonatal sepsis, gram negative bacteria were found in 71 (54.6%) cases and gram positive bacteria in 59 (45.4%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria found in 35 (26.9%) cases followed by Escherichia coli in 30 (23.1%) cases. Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebseila, Streptococci, Enterobacter cloacae and Morexella species were found in 17 (13.1%), 17 (13.1%), 13 (10%), 7 (5.4%), 6 (4.6%), and 5 (3.8%) cases respectively. In most of the cases causative organisms were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone (77.7%, 81.5%, 63.1%, and 66.9% respectively). There was comparatively less (56.9%) resistance to ceftazidime. Gentamicin had resistance in 55.1% cases, while amikacin and tobramycin had relatively less resistance (17.4% and 34.8% cases respectively). Quinolones and imipenem had relatively less resistance. Vancomycin was found to be effective in 100% cases of Staphylococcus group. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus are the most common gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli are the most common gram negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly increasing. Continued surveillance is mandatory to assess the resistance pattern at a certain level.201224669633
236050.9997Evaluating the antibiotic resistance and frequency of adhesion markers among Escherichia coli isolated from type 2 diabetes patients with urinary tract infection and its association with common polymorphism of mannose-binding lectin gene. The present paper aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria, the virulence factor profile of Escherichia coli and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary tract infection (UTI). The population under study was 130 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and UTI. The patients' clinical characteristics and urine and blood samples (5 mL) were collected. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to CLSI. The presence of virulence genes was detected by multiplex PCR. To detect the MBL gene polymorphism, PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were applied. The predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria included E. coli and Streptococcus spp.viridans group, respectively. Women were more susceptible to the incidence of UTI than men. The E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (87.35%), and nitrofurantoin and ceftizoxime were the most effective antimicrobial agents for E. coli. Cefotaxime and ceftizoxime were the most effective antimicrobial agents for Enterobacter spp., norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antimicrobial agents for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. papGII (52.87%) and papEF (1.14%) had the highest and lowest frequency among examined genes in E. coli isolates, respectively. The GG genotype had the highest frequency among patients with T2DM and UTI. Results showed that the detection of E. coli in individuals with an AA genotype, codon 54 of the MBL gene, can play an important role in the molecular diagnosis and timely treatment of bacterial infections in individuals with diabetes.202033364032
235660.9997Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Burn Infections from Southwest of Iran. Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated from burn patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3%), Enterobacter spp (11.1%), Escherichia coli (10.5%), Citrobacter spp (2.1%), S. epidermidis (2.8%), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7%). Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that cause burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.202234236077
216670.9997Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in emergency patients. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance has become a global threat for human health, calling for rational use of antibiotics. AIM: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the bacteria, providing the prerequisite for use of antibiotics in emergency patients. METHODS: A total of 2048 emergency patients from 2013 to 2017 were enrolled. Their clinical examination specimens were collected, followed by isolation of bacteria. The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were carried out. RESULTS: A total of 3387 pathogens were isolated. The top six pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (660 strains), Staphylococcus aureus (436 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (347 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (338 strains), Escherichia coli (237 strains), and Candida albicans (207 strains). The isolation rates of these pathogens decreased year by year except Klebsiella pneumoniae, which increased from 7.1% to 12.1%. Acinetobacter baumannii is a widely-resistant strain, with multiple resistances to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, minocycline and tigecycline. The Staphylococcus aureus had high resistance rates to levofloxacin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. But the susceptibility of it to vancomycin and tigecycline were 100%. Klebsiella pneumoniae had high resistance rates to imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin, with the lowest resistance rate to tigecycline. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem were higher, with the resistance rate to amikacin below 10%. Besides, Escherichia coli had high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam and low resistance rates to imipenem, amikacin, and tigecycline. CONCLUSION: The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the emergency patients were mainly Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The detection rates of drug-resistant bacteria were high, with different bacteria having multiple drug resistances to commonly used antimicrobial agents, guiding the rational use of drugs and reducing the production of multidrug-resistant bacteria.201931667167
579080.9997Activity Assessment of Antibiotics Used Against Different Bacterial Etiological Agents of UTI in Najaf, Iraq. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) is increasing nowadays, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance patterns of many pathogens toward several antibiotics that are in common use in our hospitals. METHODS: Subculture and identification of pathogenic bacteria were performed on 1148 hospitals' bacterial primary cultures which were considered positive for UTI. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by using the disc diffusion method. The rates of resistance were statistically analyzed and correlated with the types of antibiotics and bacteria. RESULTS: It was found that 1148 out of 2087 urine samples were UTI positive, the majority of cases (76%) were from females (P<0.0001). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were the most isolated Gram-negative bacteria, while Staphylococcus spp. was the most isolated Gram-positive pathogen. E. coli showed the highest resistance rate among all bacteria, while Streptococcus spp. was the most sensitive. The highest resistance was noticed to be against gentamicin and ampicillin, while the most effective drugs were imipenem and amikacin. There was a significant difference in resistance rates among the different bacterial categories (P<0.0001), while no significant difference was noticed in resistance rates among antibiotics categories (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Elevated rates of antibiotic resistance were noticed in this study in UTI-causing bacteria; therefore, it is highly important at least to every general hospital to investigate the antibiotic resistance rates occasionally to determine the proper antimicrobial treatment as well as re-evaluate antibiotics which were considered as empirical.202439687449
231190.9997Serious antimicrobial resistance status of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in North China. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Shandong Province, China were investigated using data collected from January 2002 to December 2006. A total of 10 337 isolates were characterized in sputum samples from 39 920 LRTI patients: 68.72% were Gram-negative bacteria, 20.65% were Gram-positive bacteria, and 10.62% were fungi. Organisms most frequently isolated were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.88%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.80%), Escherichia coli (10.71%), fungi (10.62%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.68%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (9.03%). Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Most Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Susceptibility to cephalosporins was not optimal and resistance to fluoroquinolones was high. Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria showed a rapid increase over the study period, while resistance of Gram-positive bacteria remained relatively stable. The emergence of resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used against LRTI pathogens has compounded the problem of using empirical therapy and created selective pressure on physicians to use certain antibiotics.200919589276
2363100.9997Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a tertiary-care hospital in southern China: an 8-year retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: Due to the severe drug resistance situation of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Gram-negative enterobacter, relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in Gram-positive bacteria species and drug resistance. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence and drug resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in a general tertiary-care hospital from 2014 to 2021, in order to discover the changes in Gram-positive bacteria distribution and drug resistance that cannot be easily identified, inform clinicians in their respective regions when selecting antimicrobial agents, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis of Gram-positive bacterial infection, and for the comprehensive and multi-pronged prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on Gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients presented to a general tertiary-care hospital from January 2014 to December 2021. A total of 15,217 Gram-positive strains were analyzed. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, the total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinic increased continuously. The seven most common species were Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.9%), Enterococcus faecium (20.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.8%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae (3.6%). The isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae increased, and the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecium decreased. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and furantoin decreased obviously. The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cefepime (non-meningitis) and ceftriaxone (meningitis) decreased significantly. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and furantoin rose rapidly from 50.3, 47.6, 71.5, 44.9, 52.3, and 37.5% in 2014 to 93.1, 91.6, 84.9, 86.8, 86.8, and 60.0% in 2021, respectively. CONCLUSION: The total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated during the 8-year period increased continuously. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the main causes of positive bacterial infections in this hospital. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to a variety of commonly used antibiotics increased significantly. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the distribution of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics to timely evaluate and identify changes in drug resistance that are not easily detected.202337840716
2308110.9997Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Isolated from Blood Cultures in a Four-Year Period. BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant organisms cause serious infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. These organisms have been identified as urgent and serious threats by CDC. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and changes of antibiotic resistance of multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from blood cultures over a four-year period in a tertiary-care hospital. METHODS: Blood cultures were incubated in a blood culture system. Positive signalling blood cultures were subcultured on 5% sheep-blood agar. Identification of isolated bacteria was performed using conventional or automated identification systems. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion and/or gradient test methods, if necessary, by automated systems. The CLSI guidelines were used for interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria. RESULTS: The most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (33.4%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.5%). ESBL positivity was 47% for E. coli, 66% for K. pneumoniae. Among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, carbapenem resistance was 4%, 41%, 37%, and 62%, respectively. Carbapenem resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates has increased from 25% to 57% over the years, and the highest rate (57%) occured during the pandemic period. It is noteworthy that the aminoglycoside resistance in E. coli isolates gradually increased from 2017 to 2021. The rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was found to be 35.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Increased carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii isolates is noteworthy, but carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa decreased. It is of great importance for each hospital to monitor the increase in resistance in clinically important bacteria, especially isolated from invasive samples, in order to take the necessary precautions in a timely manner. Future studies involving clinical data of patients and bacterial resistance genes are warranted.202337307126
2207120.9997Precision medicine in practice: unravelling the prevalence and antibiograms of urine cultures for informed decision making in federal tertiary care- a guide to empirical antibiotics therapy. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most prevalent bacterial infections, are facing limited treatment options due to escalating concern of antibiotic resistance. Urine cultures significantly help in identification of etiological agents responsible for these infections. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these bacteria aids in tackling the emerging concern of antibiotic resistance and establishment of empirical therapy guidelines. Our aim was to determine various agents responsible for urinary tract infections and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed over a period of six months from January 2023 to July 2023 in Department of Microbiology of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS). RESULTS: Out of 2957 positive samples, Gram negative bacteria were the most prevalent in 1939 (65.6%) samples followed by Gram positive bacteria in 418 (14.1%) and Candida spp. in 269 (9.1%) samples. In gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most prevalent bacteria isolated from 1070 samples (55.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 397 samples (20.5%). In Gram positive bacteria, Enterococcus spp. was the most common bacteria in 213 samples (51%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 120 samples (28.7%). Amikacin was the most sensitive drug (91%) for Gram negative bacteria. Gram positive bacteria were most susceptible to linezolid (97%-100%). CONCLUSION: The generation of a hospital tailored antibiogram is essential for the effective management of infections and countering antibiotic resistance. By adopting antimicrobial stewardship strategies by deeper understanding of sensitivity patterns, we can effectively combat antibiotic resistance.202439267930
2213130.9997The distribution and resistance of pathogens causing blood stream infections following liver transplantation: a clinical analysis of 69 patients. BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing blood stream infections (BSIs) and provide the evidence for clinical therapy after liver transplantation. METHODOLOGY: Blood samples were processed by the BACTEC 9120 blood culture system. Species identification was performed using the Vitek-2 system. The drug susceptibility of pathogens was performed using the ATB FUNGUS 3 system. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty six episodes of BSIs occurred in 69 patients between January 31, 2003 and January 31, 2014. The gram-positive bacteria emerged as major pathogens and constituted 48.4% of all pathogens (61/126). The most common bacilli were Enterobacter spp and Enterococcus spp followed by S. aureus. The gram-negative bacteria were relatively sensitive to carbapenems and the gram-positive bacteria were relatively sensitive to glycopeptides and oxazolidone antibiotics. The drug resistance of fungi to amphotericin B, flucytosine, voriconazole and caspofungin was not found. CONCLUSION: In liver transplantation, gram-positive bacteria caused BSls more frequently than gram-negative bacteria. The resistance rate of bacteria to antibiotics was high while the rate was low in fungi.201425699372
2349140.9997DETECTION OF MECA AND NUC GENES OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES. BACKGROUND: During this study, six isolates of multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were obtained from different clinical specimens (burn swabs, urinary tract infections, wound swabs): three isolates from burns, two isolates from urinary tract infections, and one isolate from wound swabs. They were obtained from private laboratories in Baghdad from 1/1/2023 to 3/15/2023. METHOD: The diagnosis of these isolates was confirmed using the Vitek2 device. A susceptibility test was conducted on ten antibiotics, and S. aureus bacteria showed resistance to most antibiotics, polymerase chain reaction was done to mecA and Nuc gene by conventional PCR. RESULTS: The results of the molecular detection of the MecA gene showed that all isolates of multi-drug-resistant S. aureus possess this gene. In contrast, the results of the molecular detection of the nuc gene showed that only isolates No. 1 and No. 4 carry this gene, while the rest of the isolates do not carry this gene. CONCLUSION: S. aureus are resistant to antibiotics because they possess resistance genes such as the mecA gene.202439724880
2165150.9997Distribution and analysis of the resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from blood cultures in the intensive care unit. PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections, providing a basis for rational clinical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1,282 pathogenic strains isolated from blood cultures in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022. RESULTS: Gram-positive bacteria (52.0%) slightly predominated over gram-negative bacteria (48.0%). The top three gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28.0%), Enterococcus faecium (7.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6.6%). Staphylococci exhibited a high resistance rate to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin; no strains resistant to vancomycin or linezolid were found. Among the Enterococci, Enterococcus faecium had a high resistance rate to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin. Two strains of Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to linezolid, but none to vancomycin. The top three gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (14.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.0%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.8%). The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems increased from 0.0 to 2.3%. Acinetobacter baumannii reached 100% carbapenem resistance (up from 75.0%), while Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated 21.1-80.4% resistance to various carbapenems. CONCLUSION: The isolation rate of gram-positive bacteria in patients with bloodstream infection in the ICU of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University was slightly higher than that of gram-negative bacteria. The alarming carbapenem resistance among gram-negative pathogens and emerging linezolid resistance in Enterococci demand urgent clinical interventions, including enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and novel therapeutic strategies.202540727562
2361160.9997Classification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia in Emergency Intensive Care Unit. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the identification efficiency of metagenome next generation sequencing (mNGS) and traditional methods in detecting pathogens in patients with severe bacterial pneumonia (BP) and further analyze the drug resistance of common pathogens. METHODS: A total of 180 patients with severe BP who were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to July 2020 were selected as the research objects. Alveolar lavage fluid from the patients were collected, and pathogens were detected by the mNGS technology and traditional etiological detection technology. Common pathogens detected by mNGS were tested for the drug sensitivity test. The difference between mNGS and traditional detection method in the identification of pathogenic bacteria in severe BP patients was compared, and the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rate of mNGS detection was 92.22%, which was significantly higher than that of the traditional culture method (58.33%, P < 0.05). 347 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected by mNGS, including 256 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (G(-)), 89 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (G(+)), and 2 strains of fungi. Among G(-) bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii had higher resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem, levofloxacin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and the lowest resistance to tigecycline. The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime was higher. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had low resistance to all the drugs. Escherichia coli had high drug resistance to most drugs, and the drug resistant rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin were all more than 50.00%. G(+) bacteria had high resistance to penicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin and levofloxacin, and amoxicillin and levofloxacin had high resistance, up to 100.00%. CONCLUSION: mNGS has high sensitivity for the identification of pathogenic bacteria in patients with BP. G(-) bacteria were the main pathogens of BP, but both G(-) and G(+) bacteria had high resistance to a variety of antibacterial drugs.202236262997
5791170.9997Revisiting the Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Implicated in Community Urinary Tract Infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases at the community level. The continue misuse of antimicrobials is leading to an increase in bacterial resistance, which is a worldwide problem. The objective of this work was to study the incidence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of the main bacteria responsible for UTI in the community of central and northern Portugal, and establish an appropriate empirical treatment. The urine samples were collected in Avelab—Laboratório Médico de Análises Clínicas over a period of 5 years (2015−2019). The urine cultures were classified as positive when bacterial growth was equal to or higher than 105 CFU/mL, and only for these cases, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. Of the 106,019 samples analyzed, 15,439 had a urinary infection. Urinary infections were more frequent in females (79.6%) than in males (20.4%), affecting more elderly patients (56.9%). Escherichia coli (70.1%) was the most frequent uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9%). The bacteria responsible for UTI varied according to the patient’s sex, with the greatest differences being observed for Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, these being more prevalent in men. In general, there was a growth in bacterial resistance as the age of the patients increased. The resistance of bacteria in male patients was, in most cases, statistically different (Chi-Square test, p < 0.05) from that observed for bacteria isolated from female patients, showing, in general, higher resistance in male patients. Although E. coli was the most responsible uropathogen for UTI, it was among the bacteria most susceptible to antibiotics. The isolates of K. pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter showed high resistance to the tested antimicrobials. The most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria implicated in UTI were K. pneumoniae (40.4%) and P. aeruginosa (34.7%), but E. coli, the most responsible bacteria for UTI, showed a MDR of 23.3%. When we compared our results with the results from 10 years ago for the same region, in general, an increase in bacterial resistance was observed. The results of this study confirmed that urinary tract infections are a very common illness, caused frequently by resistant uropathogens, for which the antibiotic resistance profile has varied over a short time, even within a specific region. This indicates that periodically monitoring the microbial resistance of each region is essential in order to select the best empirical antibiotic therapy against these infections, and prevent or decrease the resistance among uropathogenic strains.202235740174
2309180.9996Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Pathogens Isolated from Patients with Wound Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam. PURPOSE: At a teaching Hospital in Vietnam, the persistently high incidence of diagnosed wound infection poses ongoing challenges to treatment. This study seeks to explore the causative agents of wound infection and their antimicrobial and multidrug resistance patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Data on microorganisms that caused wound infection and their antimicrobial resistance patterns was recorded from hospitalized patients from 2014 to 2021. Using the chi-square test, we analyzed the initial isolation from wound infection specimens collected from individual patients. RESULTS: Over a third (34.9%) of wound infection samples yielded bacterial cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacteria, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Worryingly high resistance rates were observed for several antibiotics, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin displayed the highest resistance (91.9%), while colistin and ertapenem remained the most effective. In Gram-positive bacteria, glycopeptides like teicoplanin and vancomycin (0% and 3.3% resistance, respectively) were most effective, but their use was limited. Clindamycin and tetracycline showed decreasing effectiveness. Resistance rates differed between surgical and non-surgical wards, highlighting the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance within hospitals. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was substantial, with Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting a 63.6% MDR rate. Acinetobacter baumannii showed the highest MDR rate (88.0%). CONCLUSION: This study investigated wound infection characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns of common bacteria, and variations by hospital ward. S. aureus was the most prevalent bacteria, and concerning resistance rates were observed, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. These findings highlight the prevalence of multidrug resistance in wound infections, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures and judicious antibiotic use.202439139624
2362190.9996Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou. AIM: To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs. METHODS: The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study, and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 155 patients (age from 12 to 87 years old, with an average age of 57, 99 males and 56 females) with eye infections (160 eyes: 74 in the left eye, 76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes, all of which were exogenous), 71 (45.81%) strains were gram-positive bacteria, 23 (14.84%) strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61 (39.35%) strains were fungi. Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (78.87% and 46.48% respectively), but least resistant to vancomycin at 0. Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole (100% and 95.65% respectively), but least resistant to meropenem at 0. Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the resistance of both to cefoxitin, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria. The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts. Besides, Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections. CONCLUSION: Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections, followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Considering the resistance of gram-negative bacteria to multiple drugs, monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.202438638249