High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) toxin carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria in late onset neonatal sepsis indicate nosocomial spread in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital. - Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
218901.0000High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) toxin carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria in late onset neonatal sepsis indicate nosocomial spread in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital. BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis has high incidence with significant mortality and morbidity rates in Pakistan. We investigated common etiological patterns of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care setup. METHODS: 90 pus and blood, gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates were analyzed for virulence and antibiotic resistance gene profiling using PCR and disc diffusion methods. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus showed strong association with neonatal sepsis (43 %) followed by Citrobacter freundii (21 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 %), Escherichia coli (15 %) and Salmonella enterica (8 %). Molecular typing of E. coli isolates depicted high prevalence of the virulent F and B2 phylogroups, with 4 hypervirulent phylogroup G isolates. 76.9 % S. aureus isolates showed presence of Luk-PV, encoding for Panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin with majority also carrying MecA gene and classified as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). ecpA, papC, fimH and traT virulence genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella isolates. 47 % Citrobacter freundii isolates carried the shiga like toxin SltII B. Antimicrobial resistance profiling depicted common resistance to cephalosporins, beta lactams and fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSION: Presence of PVL carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, all isolated from late onset sepsis neonates indicate a predominant nosocomial transmission pattern which may complicate management of the disease in NICU setups.202336621204
112910.9997Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from hospitalised patients in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVES: Characterisation of resistance phenotype and genotype is crucial to understanding the burden and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to determine the spectrum of AMR and associated genes encoding aminoglycoside, macrolide and β-lactam classes of antimicrobials in bacteria isolated from hospitalised patients in Bangladesh. METHODS: 430 bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory, intestinal, wound infections and typhoid fever, presenting to clinical care from 2015 to 2019, were examined. They included Escherichia coli (n = 85); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 84); Salmonella typhi (n = 82); Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 42); Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 36); coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 28); Enterococcus faecalis (n = 27); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26); and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 20). Reconfirmation of these clinical isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility tests was performed. PCR amplification using resistance gene-specific primers was done, and the amplified products were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: 53% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), including 97% of Escherichia coli. There was a year-wise gradual increase in MDR isolates from 2015 to 2018, and there was an almost twofold increase in the number of MDR strains isolated in 2019 (P = 0.00058). Among the 5 extended-spectrum β-lactamases investigated, CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent (63%) followed by NDM-1 (22%); Escherichia coli was the major reservoir of these genes. The ermB (55%) and aac(6')-Ib (35%) genes were the most frequently detected macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance genes, respectively. CONCLUSION: MDR pathogens are highly prevalent in hospital settings of Bangladesh.202133838068
146820.9997Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Burns infections and urinary tract infections are the most important prevalent diseases in Asian countries, such as Iraq. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important bacteria cause this type of infections especially in hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistance K. pneumoniae and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing K. pneumoniae isolates from inpatients with urinary tract infection and burns infections in Al-Kufa hospital in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 285 clinical samples were collected from in-patients infected with urinary tract infection (141 urine samples) and burns infections (144 burns swabs). Fourteen different antibiotics were used by disc diffusion method and 13 antimicrobials resistance genes were used by PCR technique. RESULTS: A total of 43 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated. The highest resistance rate was observed for amoxicillin 25 μg and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid 20+10 μg (97.67%) while the lowest resistance rate was observed for imipenem 10 μg (9.30%). The most common resistance associated-genes were blaSHV (86.04%) and at lower prevalence were IMP (9.30%). CONCLUSION: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from burns infections were more virulent than those isolated from urinary tract infections.201729023034
146930.9997Investigation of Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Clinical Isolates in the Center of Iran. Introduction: Bacterial infection is a considerable problem in hospitals. Thus, this study was executed to appraise the rampancy of bacterial infections, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and molecular characterization of isolates among patients in Bafgh Hospital in Yazd, Iran, in 2020. Methods: In the current study, we surveyed 103 isolates of 400 clinical specimens from early March 2020 to September 2020 in Bafgh Hospital. We assessed phenotypic traits and antibiotic resistance with standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic methods were also performed to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram-negative bacilli, inducible clindamycin resistance, and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus according to CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of isolates was done by conventional PCR 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, we investigated the prevalence of resistant genes including bla (TEM), bla (PER-2), bla (CTX-M), bla (SHV), and bla (VEB-1) in Gram-negative bacteria and the mecA gene in staphylococcal species. Results: From 400 different clinical specimens, 103 isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Based on phenotypic and molecular methods, most common isolates were Escherichia coli (53 isolates), followed by Klebsiella spp. (18 isolates), and Staphylococcus aureus (16 isolates). The highest resistance was found in Gram-positive bacteria to erythromycin (66.67%) and penicillin (55.56%), while considering Gram-negative bacteria, the most resistant was cefixime (49.41%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47.05%). In addition, out of 16 S. aureus isolates, 62.5% and 17.65% were resistant to methicillin and clindamycin, respectively. Among 83 Gram-negative isolates, 22.89% were ESBL-positive. The prevalence of bla (SHV), bla (PER2), bla (TEM), bla (CTX-M), and bla (VEB-1) genes was 78.31%, 59.03%, 40.96%, 30.12%, and 0%, respectively. Conclusions: The outbreak of bacterial infections is relatively high in hospitals. Recognizing risk agents for bacterial infections and restricting the administration of multidrug-resistant antibiotics is a substantial measure that must be taken to prevent patient mortality.202540822981
147040.9997Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from high vaginal swabs in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in isolates from vaginal discharge of symptomatic female patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANT: Pregnant and non-pregnant women between 18 and 50 years who presented with genital tract infection and had not received antimicrobial therapy in the two weeks prior. INTERVENTIONS: The study determines the prevalence of bacteria in the vaginal discharge of female patients of reproductive age, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates and the incidence of ESBL genes in Gram-negative isolates from the sample. RESULTS: Bacteria were found in 74 (80.4%) and 88 (81.5%) samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women, respectively. Escherichia coli (n=48; 27.6%) occurred mostly in the samples, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=38; 21.8%). Among the Gram-positive, all Streptococcus. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. epidermidis were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem (100%). S. aureus was the most resistant to cephalexin (71.4%), cefoxitin (60.5%) carbenicillin (60.5%) and ceftazidime (57.9%). Escherichia coli was highly resistant to carbenicillin (85.4%), cephalexin (64.6%) and cefotaxime (56.3%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest level of imipenem resistance (31.6%), followed by E. coli (29.2%). The prevalence of ESBL genes in Gram-negative isolates from pregnant women was 25.6% (11/43), compared to 30.3% (23/76) in non-pregnant women. Both bla (TEM) and bla (SHV) had the highest occurrence of 14.3% (17/119) of the isolates. CONCLUSION: This study found Gram-negative pathogens isolated from the vaginal tract of both pregnant and non-pregnant women to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and have ESBL genes. FUNDING: None declared.202440585516
220450.9996Multidrug resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from patient with chronic sinusitis. BACKGROUND: Treatment of chronic sinusitis is complicated due to increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis in north of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with chronic sinusitis. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to the CLSI 2013 standards. Double-disk synergy (DDS) test was performed for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria; also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) strains were identified by MRSA screen agar. The MDR isolates were defined as resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the features of the data in this study. RESULTS: The rate of ESBL-producing bacteria was 28.75-37.03% among enterobacteriaceae and the rate of MRSA was 42.75%-60% among Staphylococcus strains. The most detectable rate of the MDR bacterial isolates was Gram-negative bacteria 39 (76.47%) and Enterobacter spp. 19(70.37%) was the most multidrug resistant isolate among Gram negative bacteria. Also 36 (73.46%) of the gram positive bacterial isolated were multidrug resistance and Staphylococcus aureus 9(90%) was the most MDR among Gram positive bacteria. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in chronic bacterial sinusitis. The emergence of MRSA and ESBL bacteria causing chronic sinusitis is increasing.201627386063
104260.9996Zoonotic relevance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in parrots with respiratory illness. Nowadays, research attention is paid to the investigation of bacterial pathogens in the cloaca of parrots rather than the nasal niche, which is largely ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nasal carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria with zoonotic potential in parrots suffering from respiratory illness. Nasal swabs were collected from 75 sick parrots with respiratory illness, and they were subjected to microbiological isolation and identification, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with a prevalence rate of 36%, 32%, 26.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, while one isolate (1.3%) of Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Enterococcus faecalis was identified. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were investigated for ESBL genes, Staphylococcus species for the mecA gene, followed by SCCmec typing, and E. faecalis for the vanA and vanB genes. Regarding beta-lactamase-encoding genes, bla(TEM) (97.6%), bla(SHV) (48.8%), and bla(CTX-M) (39%) gene families were detected, while bla(OXA) was not found. Sequencing of bla(CTX-M) in one strain of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis revealed bla(CTX-M-15). The mecA was determined in three S. aureus and one S. sciuri strain, and the SCCmec typing of three MRSA isolates yielded type V, whereas type I in S. sciuri. Only the vanA gene was recognized in the E. faecalis strain. Moreover, 67.1% of bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the potential role of parrots in the transmission of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria, which may pose a threat to human contacts.202540338404
220070.9996Bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance at a regional hospital, Colombia, 2019-2021. OBJECTIVES: To assess antibiotic susceptibility of World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in blood cultures at the Orinoquía regional hospital in Colombia. METHODS: This was cross-sectional study using routine laboratory data for the period 2019-2021. Data on blood samples from patients suspected of a bloodstream infection were examined. We determined: the total number of blood cultures done and the proportion with culture yield; the characteristics of patients with priority bacteria; and the type of bacteria isolated and antibiotic resistance patterns. RESULTS: Of 25 469 blood cultures done, 1628 (6%) yielded bacteria; 774 (48%) of these bacteria were WHO priority pathogens. Most of the priority bacteria isolated (558; 72%) were gram-negative and 216 (28%) were gram-positive organisms. Most patients with priority bacteria (666; 86%) were hospitalized in wards other than the intensive care unit, 427 (55%) were male, and 321 (42%) were ≥ 60 years of age. Of the 216 gram-positive bacteria isolated, 205 (95%) were Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 558 gram-negative priority bacteria isolated, the three most common were Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). The highest resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was to oxacillin (41%). For gram-negative bacteria, resistance to antibiotics ranged from 4% (amikacin) to 72% (ampicillin). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial yield from blood cultures was low and could be improved. WHO priority bacteria were found in all hospital wards. This calls for rigorous infection prevention and control standards and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.202337082533
218780.9996Multicentre investigation of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE: A prospective observational study to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing, China. METHODS: Patients with AECOPD were recruited from 11 general hospitals. Sputum specimens were cultured and bacteria identified. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined for each isolate, and presence of antibiotic resistance genes was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 109/318 patients (34.28%); 124 isolates of 22 pathogenic bacterial species were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.94%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.94%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11.29%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.87%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.26%). S. aureus was sensitive to tigecycline, teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid but resistant to penicillin and levofloxacin. K.pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and E. coli were susceptible to amikacin and cefoperazone. CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa are the most common pathogenic bacteria in AECOPD cases in Beijing, China. Our antibiotic resistance findings may be helpful in selecting antibiotic therapy.201526152913
146790.9996Detection of bla (CTX-M15) and bla (OXA-48) genes in Gram-negative isolates from neonatal sepsis in central of Iran. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis with a focus on antibiotic resistance and the frequency of the bla (CTX-M-15) and bla (OXA-48) genes in Gram-negative isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) and 153 peripheral blood samples were cultured via BACTEC from May 2017 to June 2018. The bacterial isolates were identified using phenotypic and genotypic analyses. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion. PCR was used to determine the frequency of β-lactamase genes. RESULTS: Among the 153 infants, 21 (13.7%) proved positive for sepsis. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequent isolates in the peripheral blood cultures. E. coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were isolated from two UCB cultures. The highest resistance among the Gram-positive strains was to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and clindamycin. In the Gram-negative bacteria the highest rates of resistance were to ampicillin (91.7%). The frequency of bla (OXA-48) and bla (CTX-M-15) genes was 25% and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The high antibiotic resistance among the isolates reveals the importance of monitoring antibiotic consumption and improving control standards in the health care system, especially in neonatal wards.201931719958
2114100.9996Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica bloodstream infections from Qatar. BACKGROUND: Resistant Salmonella infections are a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica BSIs from Qatar. METHODS: Phenotypic ESBL Salmonella enterica from adult patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019 to May 2020. Microbiological identification and characterization were performed using standard methods while genetic characteristics were examined through whole genome sequencing studies. RESULTS: Of 151 episodes of Salmonella enterica BSI, 15 (10%) phenotypic ESBL isolates were collected. Recent travel was recorded in most cases (80%) with recent exposure to antimicrobials (27%). High-level resistance to quinolines, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins was recorded (80-100%) while meropenem, tigecycline and colistin demonstrated universal susceptibility. Genomic evaluation demonstrated dominance of serotype Salmonella Typhi sequence type 1 (93%) while antimicrobial resistance genes revealed dominance of aminoglycoside resistance (100%), qnrS1 quinolones resistance (80%), bla(CTX-M-15) ESBLs (86.7%), and paucity of AmpC resistance genes (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive MDR Salmonella enterica is mainly imported, connected to patients from high prevalent regions with recent travel and antimicrobial use caused by specific resistant clones. In suspected cases of multidrug resistance, carbapenem therapy is recommended.202438742235
2357110.9996Prevalence of Methicillin and β-Lactamase Resistant Pathogens Associated with Oral and Periodontal Disease of Children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Oral and periodontal diseases (OPD) is considered one of the main problems of dentistry worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 131 children patients aged between 4-10 years who attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during October 2019 to March 2020. OPD pathogens were identified through isolation, cultural and biochemical properties, and nucleic acid detection. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antibiotics commonly used in dentistry. In addition, the isolates were analyzed molecularly for the presence of six virulence and three antibacterial resistance genes. Five pathogens were identified, of which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (49%) and S. salivarius (46%) were noticed frequently; other bacteria included S. mutans (16.8%), S. sobrinus (0.8%) and L. fermentum (13.7%). The virulence genes-clumping factor A (clfA) was detected in 62.5% isolates of S. aureus, and gelatinase enzyme E (gelE) gene was detected in 5% isolates of S. salivarius, while other virulence genes were not detected. All the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant. The overall prevalence of MDR S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and L. fermentum was 92.2%, 95.1% and 100%, respectively. It was observed that a high proportion of isolates were found resistant to 5-8 antibiotics. A majority of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and L. fermentum isolates tested positive for the β-lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and cfxA, as well as the methicillin resistance gene mecA. Phylogenetically, the resistance genes showed variable genetic character among Bangladeshi bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, S. aureus and S. salivarius were major OPD pathogens in patients attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, and most were Beta-lactam and methicillin resistant.202236015011
2132120.9996Prevailing Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Vietnamese Teaching Hospital (2014 - 2021). PURPOSE: In a Vietnamese teaching hospital, this study examined the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of common bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) between 2014 and 2021. METHODS: From 4060 urine samples collected, common pathogens were isolated using quantitative culture on brilliance UTI Clarity agar and blood agar. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multidrug resistance (MDR) classification followed standardized techniques. Bacteria with a frequency of less than 2% were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, with the chi-square test applied and significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of 4060 urine samples collected, 892 (22.0%) had positive results for common infections. Gram-negative bacteria predominated (591/892; 66.3%), with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent (336/892; 37.7%). Enterococcus spp. (152/892; 17.0%) was the leading Gram-positive pathogen. Some antibiotics had significant resistance rates, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, with ampicillin having the greatest resistance rate (92.8%). Carbapenems and nitrofurantoin remained generally effective. Among Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance was seen for macrolides ranging from 85.5% (azithromycin) to 89.8% (erythromycin), and for tetracyclines, ranging from 0% (teicoplanin) to 85.2% (tetracycline). There was no resistance to tigecycline and teicoplanin, indicating their potential efficacy against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria causing UTIs. MDR rates were higher in Gram-negative bacteria (64.8% versus 43.5%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest rate (78.7%). CONCLUSION: This study underscores the urgent need for ongoing surveillance of AMR patterns in Vietnam and emphasizes the significance of efficient infection prevention methods, prudent use of antibiotics, and targeted interventions to combat antimicrobial resistance.202539911566
1044130.9996Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon. Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecular characterization included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC among Enterobacterales isolates, and virulence factors among Staphylococcus isolates. Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. The most frequently identified species were Streptococcus uberis (19.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.1%), E. coli (12.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.96%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, whereas gram-negative bacteria displayed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Two ESBL genes, bla(TEM) (83.3%) and bla(OXA) (16.7%), and one AmpC beta-lactamase gene, bla(CMY-II) (16.7%), were detected among six E. coli isolates, which mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B1. Among Staphylococcus spp., the mecA gene was present in three isolates. Furthermore, four isolates contained at least one toxin gene, and all S. aureus isolates carried the ica operon. These findings revealed the alarming risk of AMR in the Lebanese dairy chain and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial usage.202134071800
2157140.9996Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Northern Iran. BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates during 2013-2015 in Northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 3798 patients with clinical symptoms of UTI were subjected as samples, and they were cultured and pure isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests and subjected to antibiogram assessment using disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Totally, 568 (14.96%) from 3798 patients had positive UTI. Four hundred and ninety-seven (87.5%) from 568 isolated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were the most prevalent bacteria. Isolated bacteria indicated the highest antibiotic resistance to methicillin (76.06%) and ampicillin (89.29%) and also revealed the most sensitivity to imipenem (99.1%) and amikacin (91.57%). Statistical analysis of the resistance pattern trend during 3 years indicated the insignificant increase (P > 0.05) in antibiotic resistance of the isolates. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed a great concern for emerging UTI-related multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria causing UTI in Iran.201729026424
1163150.9996A Three-Year Look at the Phylogenetic Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Virulence Genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, resulting in about 150 million reported annual cases. With multidrug resistance on the rise and the need for global and region surveillance, this investigation looks at the UPEC isolates collected for a 3-year period, with a view of ascertaining their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated virulence determinants. The identification of bacteria isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production was determined with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System (BioMerieux, Marcy L'Etoile, France). ESBLs were confirmed by the combined disc test (CDT) and basic biochemical test. The isolates were distributed into A (11%), B1 (6%), B2 (62.4%), and D (20.6%). Resistance to the penicillin group was high, between 88% and 100%. Additionally, resistance was high to cephalosporins (100%) in 2017 and 2018. The isolates were all sensitive to tigecycline, while resistance against imipenem and meropenem was low, at 4-12% in 2017 and 2018 and 0% in 2019. The results also showed that ESBL isolates were seen in 2017 and 2018. They were confirmed positive to CTX/CLA (88.5%) and CAZ/CLA (85%). By 2019, the number of resistant isolates reduced, showing only 4% ESBL isolates. Two virulence genes, fimH (46%) and papE/F (15%), were detected among the isolates by PCR. In conclusion, this study found that phylogroups B2 and D carried the most virulence genes as well as MDR and ESBL characteristics, suggesting the UPEC strains to be extraintestinal pathogens responsible for UTIs.202235745485
1471160.9996Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Genetic Characteristics of ESBL and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is frequently resistant to different antibiotic leading to a critical condition of the patients. The purpose of the present study was to see antibiotic resistance pattern and genetic characteristics of ESBL and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2014 to December 2015. Patients presented with clinically diagnosed urinary tract infection at any age with both sexes who attended in the OPD of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and the Doctors Diagnostic Centre in Mymensingh, Bangladesh was selected as study population. Non duplicate clinical isolates from urine were collected in full aseptic precaution for culture of bacteria. Escherichia coli were confirmed by PCR Stargetingadk. Antimicrobial susceptibility was measured by broth microdilution test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations against 18 antimicrobial agents were measured. Beta-lactamase genes were detected by multiplex PCR. For all the isolates showing resistance to imipenem and/or meropenem, presence of carbapenemase genes was confirmed by multiplex/uniplex PCR using primers. A total of 233 non-duplicate clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were collected from patients of which dominant phylogenetic group was B2 which was 78(33.5%) isolates of which 71 isolates were B2a and 7 isolates were B2b. Furthermore, Group A was in 29.6% isolates and Group D was in 26.6% isolates. E. coli showed significantly higher resistance rates to piperacillin, cephalosporins, and some other antimicrobials. Meropenem-resistance was detected in 8.2% of E. coli. The detection rate of blaTEM was 41.6% in E. coli. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 9(3.9%) isolates of E. coli and identified as genes encoding NDM-1, -5, and 7 and OXA-181. All the blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates carried also blaCTX-M-15, except for a group B1 isolate. E. coli is significantly higher resistance rates to piperacillin, cephalosporins, and some other antimicrobials and possesses different ESBL and carbapenemase genes.202031915333
2311170.9996Serious antimicrobial resistance status of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in North China. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Shandong Province, China were investigated using data collected from January 2002 to December 2006. A total of 10 337 isolates were characterized in sputum samples from 39 920 LRTI patients: 68.72% were Gram-negative bacteria, 20.65% were Gram-positive bacteria, and 10.62% were fungi. Organisms most frequently isolated were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.88%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.80%), Escherichia coli (10.71%), fungi (10.62%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.68%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (9.03%). Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Most Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Susceptibility to cephalosporins was not optimal and resistance to fluoroquinolones was high. Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria showed a rapid increase over the study period, while resistance of Gram-positive bacteria remained relatively stable. The emergence of resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used against LRTI pathogens has compounded the problem of using empirical therapy and created selective pressure on physicians to use certain antibiotics.200919589276
2165180.9996Distribution and analysis of the resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from blood cultures in the intensive care unit. PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections, providing a basis for rational clinical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1,282 pathogenic strains isolated from blood cultures in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022. RESULTS: Gram-positive bacteria (52.0%) slightly predominated over gram-negative bacteria (48.0%). The top three gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28.0%), Enterococcus faecium (7.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6.6%). Staphylococci exhibited a high resistance rate to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin; no strains resistant to vancomycin or linezolid were found. Among the Enterococci, Enterococcus faecium had a high resistance rate to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin. Two strains of Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to linezolid, but none to vancomycin. The top three gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (14.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.0%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.8%). The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems increased from 0.0 to 2.3%. Acinetobacter baumannii reached 100% carbapenem resistance (up from 75.0%), while Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated 21.1-80.4% resistance to various carbapenems. CONCLUSION: The isolation rate of gram-positive bacteria in patients with bloodstream infection in the ICU of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University was slightly higher than that of gram-negative bacteria. The alarming carbapenem resistance among gram-negative pathogens and emerging linezolid resistance in Enterococci demand urgent clinical interventions, including enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and novel therapeutic strategies.202540727562
1276190.9996Should we leave the paper currency? A microbiological examination. OBJECTIVE: Pathogens can be transmitted to banknotes due to the personal unhygienic habits. The aim of study was to find the possible pathogens on the banknotes circulating in the market and also to present their antibacterial resistance and their various virulence factors using genotypic and phenotypic methods. METHODS: A total of 150 samples of bank-notes were randomly collected between August 2017 and March 2018. VITEK systems were used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing respectively. Antimicrobial resistance genes (mecA, van, extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] and carbapenemases) and staphyloccoccal virulence genes (staphyloccoccal enterotoxins [SEs], pvl, and tsst-1) were determined using with real-time PCR. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative enteric bacteria, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp. were detected 48%, 54.7%, 56%, 21.3%, 18.7%, and 4%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and ESBL producing Gram-negative were found 46.8%, 1.3%, and 28.7%, respectively. Pvl, tsst-1, and SEs genes were found in a 2.8/4.9%, 1.4/1.2%, and 100/ 87.8% of the S. aureus/CoNS strains, respectively. The sea gene was found the most common enterotoxigenic gene. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 were found 55.8%, 46.5%, 41.2%, 18.6%, 18.6%, and 18.6%, respectively in Gram-negative strains. CONCLUSIONS: These results is very important to highlight hygienic status of paper currencies. This can be considered as an indication that banknotes may contribute to the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we may need to start using alternative products instead of banknotes.202032066229