Antimicrobial susceptibility and integrons detection among extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in patients with urinary tract infection. - Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
217301.0000Antimicrobial susceptibility and integrons detection among extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in patients with urinary tract infection. BACKGROUND: Integrons are bacterial mobile genetic components responsible for mediating the antibiotic resistance process by carrying and spreading antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed to find the prevalence of antibiotic resistance patterns and to detect integrons classes (I, II, and III) among bacterial isolates in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in Sulaimani, Iraq. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mid-stream urine samples (no. = 400) were collected from patients with UTI at three different Hospitals from Sulaimani, Iraq, between September 2021 to January 2022. Urine samples were cultured on various agar media, and grown bacteria were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) screen were done for isolated bacteria. Then, integrons classes were screened using conventional PCR with gene sequencing and uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). RESULTS: The frequency rate of Enterobacteriaceae was 67.03% among positive urine cultures. E. coli (no. = 86) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (no. = 32) isolates were identified. The most sensitive antibiotics were the carbapenem group (85.3%) and nitrofurantoin (NFN) (64.2%), while the most resistant antibiotics were nalidixic acid (NA) and 3(rd) generation cephalosporin. The occurrence rate of ESBL was 56.6% with a predominance of class I integron (54.2%), then class II (15.8%) and no positive record for class III integron were observed. CONCLUSION: Most bacterial isolates from patients with UTI produced class I and II integrons genes with favourable ESBL properties.202337283901
105510.9999Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Enteric Bacteria Isolated From Pigeon Feces in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Background Due to their potential to carry a wide range of bacteria, pigeon feces may contribute to the spreading of infectious diseases in urban settings. Objective This study analyzed the presence of enteric bacteria from pigeon feces in Jeddah and their antimicrobial susceptibility and described the molecular characteristics of the carbapenem resistance genes it produced. Method Two hundred twenty-five pigeon feces specimens were collected from eight parks in Jeddah. Conventional microbiology techniques were employed to identify the isolated bacteria, and the automated Vitek2® system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, Lyon, France) provided additional confirmation. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was utilized to screen for antimicrobial resistance. Only 50 antibiotic-resistance isolates further underwent molecular diagnosis for testing groups of carbapenems-encoding genes (blaNDM, blaSIM, and blaAIM), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  Result Of the 50 antibiotic-resistant isolates, 28% (14/50) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 24% (12/50) were Enterobacter cloacae, and 48% (24/50) were Escherichia coli. Ninety percent (90%) of the isolates showed resistance to cefuroxime, 56% to gentamicin, 52% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 100% to meropenem. NDM beta-lactamase was the most often discovered gene (26%) and was followed by AIM beta-lactamase (5%) Conclusion According to this study, there may be a chance for resistant K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and E. coli to spread amongst several hosts within the same area. Consequently, to prevent the continued occurrence and dissemination of resistant strains among other hosts in the same location, it is essential to monitor the AMR (antimicrobial resistance) of E. coli, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae from pigeons.202439310621
217420.9999Frequency of Beta-Lactamase Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study was performed on isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E.coli from clinical specimens of patients admitted to Sayyad Shirazi Hospital by census sampling method in 2019. Antibiogram testing was performed using the disk diffusion method as defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Organization for performing this test. Finally, the abundance of genes was evaluated by PCR using specific primers. Frequency, percentage, mean±SD were used to describe the data. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the presence and absence of the studied genes alone and in the presence of each other. RESULT: This study was performed on 130 positive samples, isolated from 32 (24.6%) males and 98 (65.4%) females with a mean age of 43.78 ± 21.72. From the total number of 130 isolates, 84 (64.6%) consisted of E.coli, and 46 (35.4%) were Klebsiella. Most of the cultures were urine and vaginal (61.5%). The highest antibiotic resistance in isolates was cephalexin and cefazolin (67.9% in E.coli & 63% in Klebsiella). Colistin was identified as the most effective antibiotic (100%) in both. AMPC extendedspectrum β-lactamase genes were present in 40 (30.8%) isolates. The highest frequency about the gene pattern of AMPC positive β-lactamase bacteria was correlated to DHA, FOX, and CIT genes, while none of the samples contained the MOX β-lactamase gene. E.coli and Klebsiella beta-lactamase-producing AMPC isolates were also significantly correlated with antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporin class (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicated a high percentage of resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. Hence, careful antibiogram tests and prevention of antibiotic overuse in infections caused by AMPC-producing organisms and screening of clinical samples for the resistance mentioned above genes and providing effective strategies to help diagnose and apply appropriate treatments and change antibiotic usage strategies can partially prevent the transmission of this resistance.202134483624
99730.9999Prevalence and antibacterial resistance patterns of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from ocular infections. PURPOSE: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) mediated resistance is more prevalent worldwide, especially among Gram-negative bacterial isolates, conferring resistance to the expanded spectrum cephalosporins. As limited data were available on the prevalence of ESBLs in this area, the current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antibacterial resistance patterns, and molecular detection and characterization of ESBL encoding resistance genes among ocular Gram-negative bacterial isolates from ocular infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was done on 252 ocular Gram-negative bacterial isolates recovered from ocular infections during a study period from February 2011 to January 2014. All isolates were subjected to detection of ESBLs by cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disc test and their antibacterial resistance pattern was studied. Molecular detection and characterization of ESBL encoding blaTEM -, blaSHV , blaOXA -, and blaCTX-M (phylogenetic groups 1, 2, 9, and 8/25) resistance genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS: Of all Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%) was the most common strain, followed by Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneumoniae each (10%). Among the 252, 42 (17%) were ESBL producers. The major source of ESBL producers were corneal scraping specimens, highest ESBL production was observed in P. aeruginosa 16 (38%) and Escherichia coli 7 (16.6%). Among ESBL-producing genes, the prevalence of blaTEM -gene was the highest (83%) followed by blaOXA -gene (35%), blaSHV -gene (18.5%), and blaCTX-M-1 -gene (18.5%) alone or together. CONCLUSION: The higher rate of prevalence of ESBLs-encoding genes among ocular Gram-negative bacteria is of great concern, as it causes limitation to therapeutic options. This regional knowledge will help in guiding appropriate antibiotic use which is highly warranted.201627221683
112840.9999Molecular detection of ESBLs production and antibiotic resistance patterns in Gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections. BACKGROUND: β-lactam resistance is more prevalent in Gram negative bacterial isolates worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In order to provide data relating to antibiotic therapy and resistance control, routine monitoring of corresponding antibiotic resistance genes is necessary. AIMS: The aim of this study was the characterization of β-lactam resistance genes and its plasmid profile in bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 298 Gram negative bacteria isolated from 6739 urine specimens were identified by biochemical standard tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains were also detected by the double-disk synergy test. The presence of blaTEM and blaSHV genes in the strains studied was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of all Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (69.1%) was the most common strain, followed by Klebsiella sp. (12.1%), Enterobacter sp. (8.4%), Proteus sp. (4.4%), Citrobacter (4%) and Pseudomonas sp. (2%). The most antibiotic resistance was shown to tetracycline (95.16%), nalidixic acid (89.78%) and gentamycin (73.20%) antibiotics. Among all the strains tested, 35 isolates (11.75%) expressed ESBL activity. The prevalence of TEM and SHV positivity among these isolates was 34.29%, followed by TEM (31.43%), TEM and SHV negativity (20.0%) and SHV (14.29%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Regular monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance seems necessary to improve our guidelines in the use of the empirical antibiotic therapy.201424943757
92350.9999Prevalence of Oxacillinase Genes in Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. BACKGROUND: The emergence of OXA-type beta-lactamases has become a significant threat to public healthcare systems and may lead to prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality rates among affected patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oxacillinase resistance (OXA) genes in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. METHODS: One hundred and six clinical isolates were collected from a stock of Gram-negative isolates and were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility and presence of OXA genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The most common detected isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.8%), followed by Escherichia coli (33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (14.2%). Out of these isolates, 97.4%, 87.2%, 84.6%, and 79.5% were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam, respectively. PCR results confirmed the presence of one or more OXA genes in 34% of the samples studied. The blaOXA-1 and blaOXA-10 genes were the most highly detected genes, followed by blaOXA-4 and blaOXA-51. The total number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was confirmed to carry at least one OXA gene (70.6%), whereas Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli were confirmed to carry at least one OXA gene (53.3, 28.2, and 22.9%, respectively). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the resistance genes and the type of isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are the most common MDR Gram-negative strains carrying OXA-type beta-lactamase genes. Monitoring of MDR pathogens in Gram-negative bacteria must be continuously undertaken to implement effective measures for infection control and prevention.202540066541
215060.9999Analysis of drug resistance genes of integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from elderly bloodstream infections. This experiment was carried out to provide a basis for the treatment of clinical bloodstream infections by analyzing the drug resistance characteristics and integrated gene distribution of Escherichia coli in bloodstream infections in elderly patients. For this aim, E. coli were collected for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity testing from bloodstream infections in elderly patients in the hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. ESBLs positive strains were assayed for genotypes and their integron carriage rates by PCR amplification. The characteristics and differences of various genotype rates were compared and analyzed. Results showed that a total of 230 E. coli strains were isolated. The detection rate of ESBLs-producing bacteria was 37.39 %. ESBLs-producing E. coli showed a high rate of resistance to cefepime, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (>40%). The resistance rate of 230 strains of E. coli to meropenem, minocycline, amikacin, gentamicin and cefoxitin was less than 20%. Among the ESBLs-producing E. coli in bloodstream infections in elderly patients, CTX-M-9 accounted for 27.91%, CTX-M-2 for 17.44%, and SHV for 13.95%. The detection rate of type I integrated genes was 41.30%, and type II and III integrated genes were not detected. ESBLs-producing genotyping-positive bacteria were detected with more than 50% of type I integrated genes. It was concluded that type I integrated genes in ESBLs-producing E. coli isolated from elderly patients carried resistance genes such as CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-2 aggravating multi-drug resistance in bacteria.202236227675
150370.9999OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Encoding Transferable Plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae Recovered from Egyptian Patients Suffering from Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Gram-negative bacteria are common causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Such pathogens can acquire genes encoding multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, including carbapenem resistance. The aim of this study was to detect the carbapenemase-producing ability of some Gram-negative bacterial isolates from urine specimens of patients suffering from complicated UTIs at two vital tertiary care hospitals in Cairo, Egypt; to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among plasmid-bearing isolates; and explore the possibility of horizontal gene transfer to other bacterial species. The collected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic analysis of carbapenemase production, and molecular detection of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes, then the extracted plasmids were transformed into competent E. coli DH5α. A total of 256 Gram-negative bacterial clinical isolates were collected, 65 (25.4%) isolates showed carbapenem resistance of which 36 (55.4%) were carbapenemase-producers, and of these 31 (47.7%) harbored plasmids. The extracted plasmids were used as templates for PCR amplification of bla(KPC), bla(NDM), bla(VIM), bla(OXA-48,) and bla(IMP) carbapenemase genes. The bla(OXA-48) gene was detected in 24 (77.4%) of the tested isolates while bla(VIM) gene was detected in 8 (25.8%), both bla(KPC) and bla(NDM) genes were co-present in 1 (3.2%) isolate. Plasmids carrying the bla(OXA-48) gene from 4 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were successfully transformed into competent E. coli DH5α. The transformants were carbapenemase-producers and acquired resistance to some of the tested antimicrobial agents as compared to untransformed E. coli DH5α. The study concluded that the rate of carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens in Cairo, Egypt is relatively high and can be transferred horizontally to other bacterial host(s).202134571766
98580.9999TEM & SHV genes in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella species beta their antimicrobial resistance pattern. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are often plasmid mediated derived from mutations in the classic TEM and SHV genes by one or more amino acid substitution around the active site. Detection of TEM and SHV genes by molecular methods in ESBL producing bacteria and their pattern of antimicrobial resistance can provide useful information about its epidemiology and risk factors associated with these infections. We investigated the presence of TEM and SHV genes in ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in cases of neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A total of 130 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. isolated from septicaemic neonates of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from a tertiary care hospital in north India, were screened for ESBL production by combined disk diffusion method. PCR was used to detect TEM and SHV genes in ESBL positive isolates. Isoelectric points of ESBL enzymes from a few isolates (n = 6) were noted for typing of ESBL by isoelectric focusing. RESULTS: Of the 64 ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. isolates, 17 (26.5%) had both TEM and SHV genes, 31 (48.4%) had TEM alone and 13 (20.3%) had SHV gene alone. Three (4.6%) ESBL positive isolates were negative for both TEM and SHV. Isolates with both TEM and SHV genes were highly resistant to antibiotics used. Degree of resistance for 3(rd) generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates. Six randomly selected isolates were subjected to isoelectric focussing. Results of isoelectric focussing were comparable with PCR. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Presence of TEM gene in ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. was more common than SHV gene. Frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in isolates having both TEM and SHV genes.200819246801
92490.9999Screening of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Epidemiological Features in Hospital and Community-Associated Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. INTRODUCTION: Researching carbapenem-resistant isolates enables the identification of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and prevents their spread. METHODS: P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from Medicine Faculty of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University and identified by conventional methods and the automated Vitek 2 Compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility experiments were performed in accordance with CLSI criteria and the automated Vitek 2 Compact system. The PCR method was investigated for the presence of β-lactamase resistance genes. PFGE typing was performed to show clonal relation among samples. RESULTS: Seventy P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from seventy patients. Of the patients, 67.1% had contact with the health service in the last 90 days and 75.7% of the patients had received antimicrobial therapy in the previous 90 days. Twenty-four isolates were carbapenem resistant, 2 isolates were multidrug-resistant except colistin, and none of the samples had colistin resistance. The gene encoding β-lactamase or metallo-β-lactamase was found in a total of 36 isolates. The bla (VEB) and bla (PER) genes were identified in 1 and 5 isolates alone or 17 and 13 isolates in combination with other resistance genes, respectively. The bla (NDM) was the most detected metallo-β-lactamase encoding gene (n=18), followed by bla (KPC) (n=12). bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) were detected in 5 and 1 isolates, respectively. Also, the association of bla (VEB)-bla (PER) and bla (VEB)-bla (KPC)-bla (NDM) was found to be very high. Much more resistance genes and co-occurrence were detected in hospital-acquired samples than community-acquired samples. No difference was found between the community and hospital-associated isolates according to PFGE results. Simultaneously from 6 patients, other microorganisms were also isolated and 5 of them died. CONCLUSION: The average length of stay (days) was found to be significantly higher in HAI group than CAI group. The death of 5 patients with fewer or no resistance genes showed that the co-existence of other microorganisms in addition to resistance genes was important on death.202133907430
1127100.9998Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in multi drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A snapshot from a tertiary care centre. BACKGROUND: This study aims to enhance the existing knowledge of the prevalence of genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance and aminoglycoside resistance in gram negative organisms by molecular detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. METHODS: Out of 864 gram-negative isolates, 710 were phenotypically identified as multidrug-resistant by antibiotic susceptibility testing. From the above isolates, 102 representative isolates as per sample size calculated were selected for further molecular studies. The presence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M blaSHV, and five AmpC genes was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conventional PCR was performed to detect seven aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes namely aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2'')-Ia, and ant(4'')-IIa. RESULTS: Most common multidrug-resistant isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (35%) followed by Escherichia coli (30%). Among the 102 selected isolates all harboured blaTEM gene, 71 (69.6%) harboured blaCTX-M gene and 48 (47%) blaSHV gene. Among the selected isolates 60% showed the presence of AmpC genes. Most common aminoglycosie modifying enzyme gene was AAC 6' Ib (51%) followed by ANT 2" Ia (36%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests a wider use of molecular methods using specific PCR amplification of resistance genes. It would be beneficial to perform the molecular identification of antimicrobial resistance genes to effectively monitor and manage antibiotic resistance, administer appropriate antimicrobial medication, practice antimicrobial stewardship and improve hospital infection control procedures.202439734850
2111110.9998Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Determinant Insights into Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates from Paediatric Patients in China. INTRODUCTION: The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is a concern in China and globally. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance traits and resistance determinant detection in GNB isolates from paediatric patients in China. METHODS: In the present study, a total of 170 isolates of GNB including the most prevalent Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China. ESBLs production was confirmed by using the combination disc diffusion method, and carbapenemase production was confirmed by using a carbapenem inactivation method followed by antimicrobial susceptibility. In addition, β-lactamase-encoding genes and co-existence of plasmid-borne colistin resistance mcr-1 gene were determined by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: Overall, 170 etiological agents (GNB) were recovered from 158 paediatric patients. The most prevalent species was E. coli 40% (n=68), followed by K. pneumoniae 17.64% (n=30), and Enterobacter cloacae 14.11% (n=24). Of 170 GNB, 71.76% (n=122) were multi-drug-resistant, 12.35% (n=21) extreme-drug resistant, and 7.64% (n=13) single-drug-resistant, while 8.23% (n=14) were sensitive to all of the studied antibiotics. The prevalence of ESBLs and carbapenemase producers were 60% and 17%, respectively. bla (CTX-M) was the most prevalent resistance gene (59.42%), followed by bla (TEM) (41.17%), bla (SHV) (34.270%), bla (KPC) (34.11%), bla (OXA-48) (18.82%) and bla (NDM-1) (17.64%). CONCLUSION: The present study provides insights into the linkage between the resistance patterns of GNB to commonly used antibiotics and their uses in China. The findings are useful for understanding the genetics of resistance traits and difficulty in tackling of GNB in paediatric patients.201931819545
1054120.9998Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of chicken origin from East Java, Indonesia. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the respiratory disease agents in human and chicken. This bacterium is treated by antibiotic, but this treatment may trigger antibiotic resistance. Resistance gene in K. pneumoniae may be transferred to other bacteria. One of the known resistance genes is extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). This research aimed to study K. pneumoniae isolated from chicken farms in East Java, Indonesia, by observing the antibiotic resistance pattern and detect the presence of ESBL coding gene within the isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 141 chicken cloacal swabs from two regencies in East Java. All isolates were identified using the polymerase chain reaction method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar dilution method on identified isolates, which then processed for molecular characterization to detect ESBL coding gene within the K. pneumoniae isolates found. RESULTS: The result of antibiotic sensitivity test in 11 isolates showed highest antibiotic resistance level toward ampicillin, amoxicillin, and oxytetracycline (100%, 100%, and 90.9%) and still sensitive to gentamicin. Resistance against colistin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin is varied by 90.9%, 54.5%, 27.3%, and 18.2%, respectively. All isolates of K. pneumoniae were classified as multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria. Resistance gene analysis revealed the isolates harbored as bla (SHV) (9.1%), bla (TEM) (100%), and bla (CTX-M) (90.9%). CONCLUSION: All the bacterial isolates were classified as MDR bacteria and harbored two of the transmissible ESBL genes. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria has the potential to spread its resistance properties.201931190714
2124130.9998Evaluation of Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Carbapnemases-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Its Prevalence in a Referral Hospital in Tehran City. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern worldwide including Iran. The emergence of this pathogen is worrying as carbapenem is one of the 'last-line' antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multi drug resistant gram- negative bacteria. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this study, all positive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recorded in blood, urine, and other body fluids were studied during April 2017 to April 2018 in a referral hospital in Tehran. All cases of resistance to carbapenems were first tested by modified Hodge test. All cases with positive or negative test, after gene extraction, were examined genotypically based on the primers designed for the three Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), and OXA-48 genes by conventional PCR method. RESULTS: 108 isolates (13.6%) were resistant to all cephalosporins as well as to imipenem and meropenem. In a genotypic study, including 45 isolates, 13 isolates were positive for OXA-48 gene, 11 isolates for OXA-48 and NDM genes, 11 isolates for OXA-48, NDM and KPC genes, 4 isolates for OXA-48 genes and KPC, 3 isolates for NDM, one isolate for KPC. On the other hand, two isolates were negative for all three genes examined. CONCLUSION: OXA-48 gene was one of the most common genes resistant to carbapenems in Iran. According to studies, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Iran is rising dramatically, which reduces the choice of antibiotics to treat severe infections in the future.202032215024
1166140.9998Yearly incidence of acute childhood gastroenteritis in Nigeria: Implicated pathogens predominantly harbor blaCTXM and blaTEM genes. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Routine use of antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children is associated with the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance in developing countries. This work aimed to study the predominant extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among bacteria pathogens implicated in acute childhood gastroenteritis in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The stool samples of children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis were collected. Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens from the stool samples using standard microbiological and molecular sequencing methods. Pure cultures of the probable bacteria pathogens were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility profiling using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method and also screened for ESBL and AmpC using the Modified Double Disc Synergy Test. Primers for 5 different ESBL genes associated with beta-lactam antibiotic resistance were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: Out of the 62 isolates, the highest number of organisms identified within the isolates were Bacillus sp at 38.7% (24) followed by Alcaligenes sp at 37% (23). Resistance to cefepime and ceftazidime were recorded at 50.8% (30) each. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were resisted in 47.4% (28) of the isolates. Out of 34 isolates resistant to all the cephalosporins used, 41.2% (14) were ESBL-producing, of which blaCTXM-1 and blaCTXM-2 were detected in 85.7%, while blaTEM was seen in 64.3%. CONCLUSIONS: blaCTXM and blaTEM may be the predominant ESBL genes haboured in the bacteria pathogens implicated in the yearly incidence of acute childhood gastroenteritis in Nigeria. This may be due to the widespread use of antibiotics in treating this disease.202539977466
1445150.9998Rapid Detection of Beta-Lactamases Genes among Enterobacterales in Urine Samples by Using Real-Time PCR. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate newly improved, rapid, and reliable strategies based on real-time PCR to detect the most frequent beta-lactamase genes recorded in clinical Enterobacterales strains, particularly in Tunisia (bla(SHV12) , bla(TEM) , bla(CTX-M-15) , bla(CTX-M-9) , bla(CMY-2) , bla(OXA-48) , bla(NDM-1) , and bla(IMP) ) directly from the urine. Following the design of primers for a specific gene pool and their validation, a series of real-time PCR reactions were performed to detect these genes in 78 urine samples showing high antibiotic resistance after culture and susceptibility testing. Assays were applied to DNA extracted from cultured bacteria and collected urine. qPCR results were compared for phenotypic sensitivity. qPCR results were similar regardless of whether cultures or urine were collected, with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Out of 78 multiresistant uropathogenic, strains of Enterobacterales (44 E. coli and 34 K. pneumoniae strains) show the presence of the genes of the bla group. In all, 44% E. coli and 36 of K. pneumoniae clinical strains harbored the bla group genes with 36.4%, 52.3%, 70.5%, 68.2%, 18.2%, and 4.5% of E. coli having bla(SHV-12) , bla(TEM) , bla(CTX-M 15) , bla(CTX-M-9) , bla(CMY-2) , and bla(OXA-48) group genes, respectively, whereas 52.9%, 67.6%, 76.5%, 35.5%, 61.8, 14.7, and 1.28% of K. pneumoniae had bla(SHV-12) , bla(TEM) , bla(CTX-M 15) , bla(CTX-M-9) , bla(CMY-2) , bla(OXA-48) , and bla(NDM-1) group genes, respectively. The time required to have a result was 3 hours by real-time PCR and 2 to 3 days by the conventional method. Resistance genes of Gram-negative bacteria in urine, as well as cultured bacteria, were rapidly detected using qPCR techniques. These techniques will be used as rapid and cost-effective methods in the laboratory. Therefore, this test could be a good candidate to create real-time PCR kits for the detection of resistance genes directly from urine in clinical or epidemiological settings.202235978630
1446160.9998One-Day Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria in Fecal Samples from Surgical Patients: A Concerning Trend of Antibiotic Resistance. PURPOSE: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing bacteria are of increasing concern due to their multidrug resistance and infection potential. This study determines the one-day prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBL and carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacilli. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from 30 post-surgery patients (hospitalized for at least 48 hours) in each of the four hospitals involved in the study and were analyzed for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Identification was done using Maldi Tof mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disk diffusion and specialized tests for ESBL (double disk synergy technique) and carbapenem (NG-TEST CARBA 5) resistance detection. PCR was conducted on isolates to detect betalactam resistance genes, carbapenemase genes and quinolone resistance genes. FINDINGS: Out of the 120 patients enrolled, 38.33% (n = 46) and 49.16.33% (n = 59) were found to carry ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria, respectively, in their fecal samples. Among the isolates, 51.08% (n = 47) exhibited ESBL production, with Escherichia coli (44.56%) being the most common species. The identification of bacteria with resistance to carbapenems showed a predominance of the species Escherichia coli (44.45%) followed by the species Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.06%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (13.58%). The study of the association of variables shows a high degree of association (p < 0.05) for the factors independent walking and use of a wheelchair with ESBL production. The most frequently detected genes among ESBL producing bacteria were bla(CTXM-1) (91.49%), qnrB (70.21%) and qnrs (63.82%). bla(NDM) (54.68%) was the most detected carbapenemase genes among carbapenemase producing isolates. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates, for the first time, a significant prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase producing gram-negative bacteria among surgical patients in Benin, with multiple resistance genes detected. Findings should be interpreted in light of the cross-sectional design and >48-hour hospitalization criterion.202540635768
984170.9998Genetic characterization of TEM-type ESBL-associated antibacterial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance due to the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. Data from Ghana regarding this resistance mechanism is limited. This study was designed to investigate the presence of TEM-type ESBL genes, their locations and their conjugabilities in clinical isolates of enterobacteria collected from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. METHODS: Study isolates were characterized with respect to ESBL phenotype, TEM-type ESBL gene detection, location of the ESBL gene(s) and conjugability of the ESBL phenotype using nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli K-12 as recipient. Phenotyping was by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion using cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and their combinations with clavulanate. Gene detections were by PCR using blaTEM primers. RESULTS: Overall, 37.96 % of 137 clinical isolates showed ESBL phenotype. The ESBLs occurred mostly in Klebsiella spp. (42.3 %) and then Escherichia coli (34.6 %). The TEM gene was detected in 48.1 % of ESBL-positive isolates and was determined to be plasmid-borne in 24 of 25 blaTEM detections. Overall, 62.7 % of TEM-producing isolates transferred the ESBL phenotype by conjugation. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the presence of TEM-type ESBLs in the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and show considerable risk of environmental contamination through the urine of infected persons. An inhibition zone chart was generated which indicates the possible presence of complex beta-lactamase types. The data points to the fact that the ESBL-producing bacteria may disseminate this resistance mechanism via conjugation.201627145868
922180.9998Insertion Sequences within Oxacillinases Genes as Molecular Determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance to Carbapenems-A Pilot Study. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major problems among hospitalized patients. The presence of multiple virulence factors results in bacteria persistence in the hospital environment. It facilitates bacterial transmission between patients, causing various types of infections, mostly ventilator-associated pneumonia and wound and bloodstream infections. A. baumannii has a variable number of resistance mechanisms, but the most commonly produced are carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). In our study, the presence of bla(OXA-23), bla(OXA-40) and bla(OXA-51) genes was investigated among 88 clinical isolates of A. baumannii, including 53 (60.2%) strains resistant to both carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem) and 35 (39.8%) strains susceptible to at least meropenem. Among these bacteria, all the isolates carried the bla(OXA-51) gene. The bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-40) genes were detected in two (5.7%) and three (8.6%) strains, respectively. Among the OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains (n = 55), insertion sequences (ISAba1) were detected upstream of the bla(OXA-23) gene in fifty-two (94.5%) carbapenem-resistant and two (3.6%) meropenem-susceptible isolates. A. baumannii clinical strains from Poland have a similar antimicrobial resistance profile as those worldwide, with the presence of ISAba1 among bla(OXA-23)-positive isolates also being quite common. Carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii strains is associated with the presence of CHDLs, especially when insertion sequences are present.202439458366
2151190.9998Study of the Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Iraqi Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Urinary tract infection is one of the last diseases prevalent in humans, with various causative agents affecting 250 million people annually, This study analyzed UTIs in Iraqi patients caused by Escherichia coli. ESBL enzymes contribute to antibiotic resistance. The research aimed to analyze ESBL gene frequency, resistance patterns, and genetic diversity of E. coli strains; Between Dec 2020 and May 2021, 200 urine samples were collected, cultured on blood agar, EMB, and MacConkey's plates, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Positive samples (> 100 cfu/ml) underwent Kirby-Bauer and CLSI antibiotic susceptibility testing. PCR detected virulence genes, Beta-lactamase coding genes, and biofilm-associated resistance genes in E. coli isolates; Out of 200 isolates, 80% comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, 120 isolates (60%) were Gram-negative, while 40 isolates (20%) were Gram-positive. Among Gram-negative isolates, 20% were identified as E. coli. Remarkably, all E. coli strains showed resistance to all tested antibiotics, ranging from 80 to 95% resistance. The E. coli isolates harbored three identified resistance genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM. Regarding biofilm production, 10% showed no formation, 12% weak formation, 62% moderate formation, and 16% strong formation; our study found that pathogenic E. coli caused 20% of UTIs. The majority of studied E. coli strains from UTI patients carried the identified virulence genes, which are vital for infection development and persistence.202439011020