Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone-resistance QnrA and QnrB genes among Escherichia coli from cattle in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. - Related Documents




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205101.0000Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone-resistance QnrA and QnrB genes among Escherichia coli from cattle in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: This is to investigate the implication of fluoroquinolone usage in veterinary practice and the food chain system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five hundred isolates of commensal E coli were recovered from the faeces of apparently healthy cattle in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The susceptibility of the bacteria was tested using standard laboratory procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect the presence of qnrA and qnrB genes, which were selected on the basis of their fluoroquinolone-resistant patterns. RESULTS: The agar disc diffusion technique revealed that the representative isolates showed multiple fluoroquinolone-resistance and this formed the basis for their selection for PCR amplification. The PCR revealed that ten of the 17 quinolone-resistant representative isolates showed distinct bands which are specific for the qnrB gene; in addition, only one strain of the 20 representative isolates of commensal E coli carried plasmids on which the qnrA gene was detected. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed that plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is a possible mechanism among the fluoroquinolone-resistant commensal E coli isolated from faeces of apparently healthy cattle in the study location.201223757898
205310.9998Replicon typing of plasmids in environmental Achromobacter sp. producing quinolone-resistant determinants. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile to quinolones, the presence of quinolone-resistant determinants and the plasmid replicon typing in environmental Achromobacter sp. isolated from Brazil. Soil and water samples were used for bacterial isolation. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration method. The detection of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) genes, the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and plasmid replicons were performed by PCR. A total of 16 isolates was obtained from different cultures, cities, and states of Brazil. All isolates were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin. Some mutations in QRDR genes were found, including Gln-83-Leu and Asp-87-Asn in the gyrA and Gln-80-Ile and Asp-84-Ala in the parC. Different PMQR genes were detected, such as qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, and oqxB. Three different plasmid families were detected, being most presented the ColE-like, followed by IncFIB and IncA/C. The presence of different PMQR genes and plasmids in the isolates of the present study shows that environmental bacteria can act as reservoir of important genes of resistance to fluoroquinolones, which is of great concern, due to the potential of horizontal dissemination of these genes. Besides that, there are no studies reporting these results in Achromobacter sp. isolates.201830357960
298120.9998Investigation of plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. Escherichia coli is zoonotic bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains becomes a critical issue in both human and animal health globally. This study was therefore aimed to investigate the plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. A total of 234 fecal samples were obtained from 157 sheep (99 healthy and 58 diarrheic) and 77 goats (32 healthy and 45 diarrheic) for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Plasmid DNA was extracted using the alkaline lysis method. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined against the three classes of antimicrobials, which resistance is mediated by plasmids (Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolone, and Aminoglycosides) using the disc-diffusion method. The frequency of plasmid-mediated resistance genes was investigated by PCR. A total of 159 E. coli strains harbored plasmids. The isolates antibiogram showed different patterns of resistance in both healthy and diarrheic animals. A total of (82; 51.5%) E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant. rmtB gene was detected in all Aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli, and the ESBL-producing E. coli possessed different CTX-M genes. Similarly, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli possessed different qnr genes. On the analysis of the gyrB gene sequence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, multiple point mutations were revealed. In conclusion, a high prevalence of E. coli with high resistance patterns to antimicrobials was revealed in the current study, in addition to a wide distribution of their resistance determinants. These findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as reservoirs for the dissemination of MDR E. coli and resistance gene horizontal transfer.202032127753
297930.9998Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in Poultry Farming. Increasing bacterial resistance to quinolone antibiotics is apparent in both humans and animals. For humans, a potential source of resistant bacteria may be animals or their products entering the human food chain, for example poultry. Between July 2013 and September 2014, samples were collected and analyzed in the Moravian regions of the Czech Republic to isolate the bacterium Escherichia coli. As a result, 212 E. coli isolates were obtained comprising 126 environmental isolates from poultry houses and 86 isolates from cloacal swabs from market-weight turkeys. Subsequently, the E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to selected antibiotics. Resistance of the poultry isolates to quinolones ranged from 53% to 73%. Additionally, the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes was studied. The genes were confirmed in 58% of the tested strains. The data on resistance of isolates from poultry were compared with results of resistance tests in human isolates obtained in the same regions. The high levels of resistance determined by both phenotyping and genotyping methods and reported in the present study confirm the fact that the use of fluoroquinolones in poultry should be closely monitored.201728662329
232840.9998Detection of Plasmid-Mediated qnr Genes Among the Clinical Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacterial agents to cause urinary tract infections. Inappropriate and unnecessary administration of antibiotics has led to an increase in the appearance of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, limiting treatment options. The increase in a number of resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern of health authorities worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among E. coli isolated from UTIs of patients in Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran province, Iran. METHOD: Clinical urine samples of patients with suspected urinary tract infection were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of urine, microscopic observations and culture analysis, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system. RESULTS: In the present study among the 95 isolates, 60 strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. PCR showed that 92 strains were positive for qnrS. The qnrA and qnrB genes were not found among the clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: Our finding indicates a high level of resistance against nalidixic acid among E. coli isolates recovered from the patients with UTI. Also, the high frequency of qnrS imposes the importance of survey of molecular and genetic analysis of mechanisms of quinolone resistance in E. coli strains.201830197698
232950.9998Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of clinical group B Salmonella isolated in Accra, Ghana. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance and clonal lineage of serogroup B Salmonella isolated from patients suspected of suffering from enteric fever in Accra, Ghana. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serogroup B Salmonella were isolated from blood (n=28), cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) (n=1), or urine (n=2), and identified based on standard biochemical testing and agglutinating antisera. Isolates were examined for their susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Most of the isolates could be classified as multiple-drug resistant. Furthermore, the genetic location of resistance genes was shown to be on conjugative plasmids. Genetic fingerprinting by plasmid profiling, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR, and repetitive element (REP)-PCR were performed to determine the diversity among the isolates. Plasmid profiling discriminated five unique groupings, while ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR resulted in two and three groupings, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of antibiotic resistance was associated with the Salmonella isolates and the genes responsible for the resistance are located on conjugative plasmids. Also, there appears to be minimal diversity associated with the isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: As a result of the increasing antibiotic resistance among bacteria of all genera, surveys to monitor microbial populations are critical to determine the extent of the problem. The inability to treat many infectious diseases with current antibiotic regimens should prompt the medical community to be more prudent with its antibiotic use.200312534821
233060.9998Antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas. AIMS: The study aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). METHODS AND RESULTS: Antimicrobial testing was performed according to the standard disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of disinfectants were determined using the agar dilution method. All isolates were screened for the presence of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance genes and further analysed for genetic relatedness by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results showed that 46·6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to fewer antimicrobials as panda age increased. Among antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates, the antimicrobial resistance genes blaCTX-M (88·2%) and sul1 (92·3%) were most prevalent. The disinfectant resistance genes emrE, ydgE/ydgF, mdfA and sugE(c) were commonly present (68·2-98·9%), whereas qac and sugE(p) were relatively less prevalent (0-21·3%). The frequencies of resistance genes tended to be higher in E. coli isolated in December than in July, and PFGE profiles were also more diverse in isolates in December. The qacEΔ1 and sugE(p) genes were higher in adolescent pandas than in any other age groups. PFGE revealed that antimicrobial resistance correlated well with sampling time and habitat. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance was common in giant panda-derived E. coli, and the antimicrobial resistance was associated with sampling time and habitat. Escherichia coli could serve as a critical vector in spreading disinfectant and antimicrobial resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first study that demonstrated the phenotypic and genetic characterizations of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in E. coli isolates from more than 60 giant pandas. Frequent transfer of pandas to other cages may lead to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The study highlights the need for regularly monitoring the antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in bacteria from giant pandas.201525846200
232670.9998Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance and Class 1 and 2 Integrons in Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Resistance to antimicrobial compounds in E. coli strains is increasing. Integrons are mobile genetic elements that lead to the spread and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons as well as the antimicrobial resistance in E.coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). A total of 100 clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) were collected from patients having UTIs. These strains were identified using biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria were determined in accordance with the standard method recommended by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). The presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was determined by PCR method. The most frequent antibiotic resistance was observed to ampicillin (72%), co-trimoxazole (66%), and nalidixic acid (62%). The highest sensitivity was seen to amikacine (11%) and gentamicin (20%). The multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 80% of E. coli isolates. 70% and 3% of E. coli isolate possessed class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. Our data suggest that the antimicrobial resistance to some antibiotics as well as the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons is very high in E. coli strains. Moreover, class 1 integrons are correlated with resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Therefore, it is very important to monitor integron-induced drug resistance, especially class 1 integron, in order to control the urinary tract infections causing by MDR E.coli strains.202033680029
292280.9998Tetracycline-resistance genes in gram-negative isolates from estuarine waters. AIMS: To investigate the diversity and dissemination of tetracycline resistance genes in isolates from estuarine waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two out of 164 multi-resistant isolates previously obtained were resistant or less-susceptible to tetracycline, as evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration for resistant bacteria ranged from 16 to 256 mg l(-1). Screening of tet genes by polymerase chain reaction showed that 88% of the isolates carried at least one of the genes tested, namely tet(A) (present in 13 isolates), tet(B) (present in 13 isolates), tet(C) (present in 3 isolates), tet(D) (present in 1 isolate), tet(E) (present in 6 isolates) and tet(M) (present in 1 isolate). One isolate carried tet(A) and tet(M). To our knowledge, this study presents the first description of a tet(D) gene in Morganella morganii. Hybridization revealed that tet genes were plasmid-located in 31% of the isolates. Those isolates were included as donors in conjugation experiments and 38% transferred tetracycline resistance. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable diversity of tet genes was detected in the estuary. Frequently, these genes were associated with plasmids and could be transferred to Escherichia coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results presented provide further evidence of the role played by estuarine reservoirs in antibiotic resistance maintenance and dissemination.200819120920
204790.9998Oligonucleotide microarray for molecular characterization and genotyping of Salmonella spp. strains. OBJECTIVES: To characterize and subtype multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates by determining the virulence factors, prophage sequences and antimicrobial resistance genes using a novel Salmonella-specific oligonucleotide microarray. METHODS: Preliminary screening of 24 Salmonella clinical isolates was carried out by using susceptibility testing, plasmid profiling and class 1 integron PCR. Subsequently, oligonucleotide microarray was involved in genotypic characterization and localization of monitored genetic markers. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was also detected and confirmed by PCR and subsequent sequencing. The potential spread of emerging bla(SHV-2) was investigated by bacterial conjugation. RESULTS: All Salmonella strains revealed resistance to two or more (up to nine) antibiotics. Nineteen of them carried class 1 integrons including dfrA1, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, bla(PSE-1) and bla(TEM-1) gene cassettes, respectively. Twenty-three out of 24 Salmonella isolates possessed one or more plasmids. Oligonucleotide microarray characterization and typing revealed the conserved character of Salmonella pathogenicity island virulence factors among three Salmonella enterica serovars, significant variability in prophage sequences and many different antimicrobial resistance gene patterns. Differential labelling of genomic and plasmid DNA, respectively, and hybridization to the microarray made it possible to localize important resistance determinants. Microarray results were successfully confirmed and verified by using PCR. The emerging bla(SHV-2) gene from Salmonella Kentucky SK10944 conferring resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was transferred via bacterial conjugation to Escherichia coli K-12 3110. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella isolates were quickly and thoroughly characterized by a novel oligonucleotide microarray, which could become a useful tool for detection of virulence and resistance genes and monitoring of their dissemination among salmonellae and closely related bacteria.200717897936
2978100.9998Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes among the Phylogroups of Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Calves and Chickens Affected by Colibacillosis in Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic resistance occurs in the endogenous flora of exposed population in addition to pathogenic bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among 63 isolates of Escherichia coli of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in diarrheic calves and poultry. According to the results, B1 and B2 were the most prevalent phylogroups of E. coli in calves and poultry carcasses, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 76% of the isolates, and 62% of the strains were multi-drug resistant. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli strains obtained from calves strains was significantly higher than those obtained from poultries. Additionally, the strains of B1 and D phylogroups had the highest and lowest antimicrobial resistance, respectively. At least one encoding gene for integrone was detected in 23 strains (36.5%) and Class I integron had the highest prevalence. Accordingly, this study gave baseline information on the magnitude of the resistance problem and its genetic background in E. coli from domesticated animals of the Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the power of oligonucleotide array technology in the discrimination of different genotypes during a short time was confirmed in this study.201830242804
2327110.9998Identification of Quinolone and Colistin Resistance Genes in Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Mucosal Samples of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Healthy Subjects. INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic resistance and extensive use of antibiotics are amongst the major causes of failure in antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and to identify resistance genes of quinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli. There are a very few patents on E. coli isolated from colorectal cancer. So, this study demonstrates that some bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin have not resistance genes.Moreover, new patterns for E. coli are presented for isolates of patients with colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the three healthy people, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and colorectal cancer patients, 40 E. coli strains isolated after confirmation by biochemical and molecular methods. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was investigated using disk diffusion test. After deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify genes encoding resistance to ciprofloxacin (qnr A, qnr B) and colistin (mcr-1). RESULTS: The results showed that E. coli isolates from colorectal cancer patients had the highest resistance to piperacillin (67.5%), ceftazidime (47.5%), and cefepime (42.5%). Also, E. coli strains isolated from IBD patients showed resistance to antibiotic ceftazidime 13%. More than 95% of E. coli strains isolated from healthy people were susceptible to antibiotics. Based on the results, 18 (15%) E. coli strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The qnr A gene was detected in 61.11% isolates; however, qnr B was detected in 9 (50%) isolates. Isolates resistant to colistin were not observed. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate increased resistance of E. coli to ciprofloxacin in comparison with prior studies. Further research in this field will increase our knowledge and more effective exposure to the antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms.202031198116
2915120.9998Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables. BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (TRE) isolates from RTE vegetables. METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Characterisation of antibiotic resistant genes was performed using PCR and sequencing of tetracycline resistant gene, integron and gene cassette from the TRE isolates. RESULTS: The isolates collected in this study were resistant not only to tetracycline, but also to streptomycin. Some isolates also displayed resistance to kanamycin (77.8%), chloramphenicol (11.1%), and ciprofloxacin (5.6%). All of the isolates contained integrons (intI1) and the tetA gene; tetB was not detected in our study. Further analysis showed that some isolates (38.8%) contained the dfrA7 gene cassette, which encodes dihydrofolate reductase, which is responsible for resistance to trimethoprim. Of all the isolates that presented integrons, 11 isolates (61.1%) did not carry gene cassettes. These empty integrons have the potential to convert themselves rapidly into multigraviton strains. CONCLUSIONS: TRE isolates contain the tetA gene and integron 1. Only 38.8% of the isolates that have been identified contain the dfrA7 gene cassette, which is responsible for trimethoprim antibiotic resistance. Further identification of genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics is necessary to better characterise antibiotic resistance.202032566218
2050130.9997Identification of a novel fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA2) in Enterobacter cloacae from the Salmon River, Canada. AIMS: To investigate the occurrence of fosfomycin-resistant (fos(R) ) bacteria in aquatic environments. METHODS AND RESULTS: A fos(R) strain of Enterobacter cloacae was isolated from a water sample collected at a site (50°41'33·44″N, 119°19'49·50″W) near the mouth of the Salmon River at Salmon Arm, in south-central British Columbia, Canada. The strain was identified by PCR screening for plasmid-borne, fosA-family amplicons, followed by selective plating. Sequencing of the resistance gene cloned using PCR primers to conserved flanking DNA revealed a new allele (95% amino acid identity to fosA), and I-Ceu I PFGE showed that it was chromosomally located. In Escherichia coli, the cloned DNA conferred a greater resistance to fosfomycin than its fosA counterpart. CONCLUSIONS: Gene fosA2 conferred fosfomycin resistance in an environmental isolate of Ent. cloacae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The repurposing of older antibiotics should be considered in the light of existing reservoirs of resistance genes in the environment.201121392044
2046140.9997QRDR mutations, efflux system & antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from an outbreak of diarrhoea in Ahmedabad, India. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Diverse mechanisms have been identified in enteric bacteria for their adaptation and survival against multiple classes of antimicrobial agents. Resistance of bacteria to the most effective fluoroquinolones have increasingly been reported in many countries. We have identified that most of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were resistant to several antimicrobials in a diarrhoea outbreak at Ahmedabad during 2000. The present study was done to identify several genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance and mobile genetic elements in the ETEC strains. METHODS: Seventeen ETEC strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients were included in this study. The antimicrobial resistance was confirmed by conventional disc diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for the identification of mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). Efflux pump was tested by inhibiting the proton-motive force. DNA hybridization assay was made for the detection of integrase genes and the resistance gene cassettes were identified by direct sequencing of the PCR amplicons. RESULTS: Majority of the ETEC had GyrA mutations at codons 83 and 87 and in ParC at codon 80. Six strains had an additional mutation in ParC at codon 108 and two had at position 84. Plasmid-borne qnr gene alleles that encode quinolone resistance were not detected but the newly described aac(6')-Ib-cr gene encoding a fluoroquinolne-modifying enzyme was detected in 64.7 per cent of the ETEC. Class 1 (intI1) and class 2 (intI2) integrons were detected in six (35.3%) and three (17.6%) strains, respectively. Four strains (23.5%) had both the classes of integrons. Sequence analysis revealed presence of dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5 in class 1, and dfrA1, sat1, aadA1 in class 2 integrons. In addition, the other resistance genes such as tet gene alleles (94.1%), catAI (70.6%), strA (58.8%), bla TEM-1 (35.2%), and aphA1-Ia (29.4%) were detected in most of the strains. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Innate gene mutations and acquisition of multidrug resistance genes through mobile genetic elements might have contributed to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in ETEC. This study reinforces the necessity of utilizing molecular techniques in the epidemiological studies to understand the nature of resistance responsible for antimicrobial resistance in different species of pathogenic bacteria.201121911975
2335150.9997Isolation, identification, molecular typing, and drug resistance of Escherichia coli from infected cattle and sheep in Xinjiang, China. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli infections are common in Xinjiang, a major region of cattle and sheep breeding in China. Therefore, strategies are required to control E. coli. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of E. coli isolates. METHODS: In this study, 116 tissue samples were collected from the organs of cattle and sheep that were suspected of having E. coli infections between 2015 and 2019. Bacteria in the samples were identified using a biochemical identification system and amplification of 16S rRNA, and the phylogenetic groupings of E. coli isolates were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. In addition, PCR detection and analysis of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, and drug-resistant phenotypes of E. coli isolates were performed. RESULTS: A total of 116 pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to seven phylogenetic groups were isolated, with the majority of isolates in groups A and B1. Among the virulence genes, curli-encoding crl had the highest detection rate of 97.4%, followed by hemolysin-encoding hlyE with the detection rate of 94.82%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results indicated that the isolates had the highest rates of resistance against streptomycin (81.9%). CONCLUSION: These characteristics complicate the prevention and treatment of E. coli-related diseases in Xinjiang.202336977209
2696160.9997Carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in adult intestinal flora. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance in bacteria strains colonizing healthy people is important for several reasons, one of which is that; these organisms form one of the largest reservoirs of resistant genes. Frequency of resistance to eleven different antimicrobial agents was examined in faecal flora of adults with no history of recent antimicrobial treatment. Using the disc diffusion sensitivity test, 106 strains of Escherichia coli were examined, 68% of these were resistant to tetracycline, and 57% were resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole respectively. There was no resistance to cefuroxime but resistance to ceftazidime was 13%. Fifty six out of the eighty eight (64%) isolates, which showed any resistance, were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. The most common resistant pattern was to three drugs tetracycline, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Six strains were susceptible to all antibiotics. One strain of Escherichia coli was resistant to eight antimicrobials. Thirty per cent of the Escherichia coli were resistant to gentamicin. This study reveals a high prevalence of resistant bacteria in faecal flora of healthy adults.200212081343
1621170.9997Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Wild Birds in Poland. Wild animals are increasingly reported as carriers of antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae. However, the role of free-living birds as reservoirs for potentially dangerous microbes is not yet thoroughly understood. In our work, we examined Escherichia coli strains from wild birds in Poland in relation to their antimicrobial agents susceptibility, virulence and phylogenetic affiliation. Identification of E. coli was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method, and resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. E. coli bacteria were isolated from 32 of 34 samples. The strains were most often classified into phylogenetic groups B1 (50%) and A (25%). Resistance to tetracycline (50%), ciprofloxacin (46.8%), gentamicin (34.3%) and ampicillin (28.1%) was most frequently reported, and as many as 31.2% of E. coli isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance phenotype. Among resistance genes, sul2 (31.2% of isolates) and bla(TEM) (28.1%) were identified most frequently, while irp-2 (31.2%) and ompT (28.1%) were the most common virulence-associated genes. Five strains were included in the APEC group. The study indicates that wild birds can be carriers of potentially dangerous E. coli strains and vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants in the environment.202134451523
2142180.9997Resistance to β-lactams and distribution of β-lactam resistance genes in subgingival microbiota from Spanish patients with periodontitis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of β-lactamase genes and the multidrug resistance profiles in β-lactam-resistant subgingival bacteria from patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival samples were obtained from 130 Spanish patients with generalized periodontitis stage III or IV. Samples were grown on agar plates with amoxicillin or cefotaxime and incubated in anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Isolates were identified to the species level by the sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. A screening for the following β-lactamase genes was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(CfxA), bla(CepA), bla(CblA), and bla(ampC). Additionally, multidrug resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin, and kanamycin was assessed, growing the isolates on agar plates with breakpoint concentrations of each antimicrobial. RESULTS: β-lactam-resistant isolates were found in 83% of the patients. Seven hundred and thirty-seven isolates from 35 different genera were obtained, with Prevotella and Streptococcus being the most identified genera. bla(CfxA) was the gene most detected, being observed in 24.8% of the isolates, followed by bla(TEM) (12.9%). Most of the isolates (81.3%) were multidrug-resistant. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that β-lactam resistance is widespread among Spanish patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, it suggests that the subgingival commensal microbiota might be a reservoir of multidrug resistance and β-lactamase genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most of the samples yielded β-lactam-resistant isolates, and 4 different groups of bla genes were detected among the isolates. Most of the isolates were also multidrug-resistant. The results show that, although β-lactams may still be effective, their future might be hindered by the presence of β-lactam-resistant bacteria and the presence of transferable bla genes.202032495224
965190.9997Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Bovine Clinical Mastitis and Pigs in the Vojvodina Province, Serbia. The aim of the study was to characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates collected in Serbia from bovine clinical mastitis cases and diseased pigs, mainly with molecular methods. A total of 48 E. coli isolates was collected during the years 2013-2014, of which 22 were MDR and were included in further analysis. Phylogenetic typing showed that 17 isolates belonged to group A, while two isolates were classified in group B1 and a single one in group D. All isolates showed unique macrorestriction patterns. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed resistances of the isolates against up to 13 antimicrobial agents, including resistance to fluoroquinolones. A wide variety of resistance genes was detected by PCR amplification and sequencing of amplicons. Sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance determining regions of topoisomerase genes revealed mutations in gyrA, parC, and/or parE. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected in two porcine (aac-6'-Ib-cr and qnrS, respectively) isolates and a single bovine (aac-6'-Ib-cr) isolate. Resistance genes were found to be located on conjugative plasmids in 16 cases, many of which conferred a multidrug resistance phenotype. In conclusion, the plentitude of resistance genes located on conjugative plasmids and integrons in E. coli from cows and pigs in Vojvodina, Serbia, pose a high risk for horizontal gene transfer in bacteria from livestock husbandry.201828520501