# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1620 | 0 | 1.0000 | A survey of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli prevalence in wild mammals in Japan using antimicrobial-containing media. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes pose serious human and animal health concerns. Therefore, to control antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment, the status of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in a variety of wild mammals and their prevalence were examined using antimicrobial-containing media. In total, 750 isolates were obtained from 274/366 (74.9%) wild mammals, and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli was detected in 37/750 isolates (4.9%) from 7 animal species (26/366 [7.1%] individuals). Using antimicrobial-containing media, 14 cefotaxime (CTX)- and 35 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates were obtained from 5 (1.4%) and 17 (4.6%) individuals, respectively. CTX-resistant isolates carried bla(CTX-M-27), bla(CTX-M-55), bla(CTX-M-1), and bla(CMY-2), with multiple resistance genes. Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had multiple mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC or qnrB19. Most resistant isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria observed in wild mammals was low; however, it is essential to elucidate the causative factors related to the low prevalence and transmission route of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria/resistance genes released from human activities to wild animals and prevent an increase in their frequency. | 2022 | 36310042 |
| 1622 | 1 | 0.9999 | Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Frequency of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs. Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major product in Philippine livestock production. Our results show that both the qnrS and the bla(TEM) antimicrobial resistance genes were present in 61.2% of the isolates. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of bla(TEM) and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of bla(TEM) and bla(CTX-M) was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MDR isolates belonged to either O:3,10, O:4, or an unidentified serogroup. High numbers of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria. | 2021 | 34943653 |
| 1618 | 2 | 0.9999 | Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Fecal Samples of Wild Animals. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from wildlife is crucial for monitoring the spread of this microorganism in the environment and for developing effective AMR control strategies. Wildlife can act as carriers of AMR bacteria and spread them to other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans; thus, they have public health implications. A total of 128 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from 66 of 217 fecal samples obtained from different wild animals using media without antibiotic supplementation. Antibiograms were performed for 17 antibiotics to determine the phenotypic resistance profile in these isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested using the double-disc synergy test, and 29 E. coli strains were selected for whole genome sequencing. In total, 22.1% of the wild animals tested carried multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, and 0.93% (2/217) of these wild animals carried E. coli isolates with ESBL-encoding genes (bla(CTX-M-65), bla(CTX-M-55), and bla(EC-1982)). The E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance rates to ampicillin and were fully susceptible to amikacin, meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem. Multiple resistance and virulence genes were detected, as well as different plasmids. The relatively high frequency of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates in wildlife, with some of them being ESBL producers, raises some concern regarding the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among these animals. Gaining insights into antibiotic resistance patterns in wildlife can be vital in shaping conservation initiatives and developing effective strategies for responsible antibiotic use. | 2024 | 39453061 |
| 1621 | 3 | 0.9999 | Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Wild Birds in Poland. Wild animals are increasingly reported as carriers of antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae. However, the role of free-living birds as reservoirs for potentially dangerous microbes is not yet thoroughly understood. In our work, we examined Escherichia coli strains from wild birds in Poland in relation to their antimicrobial agents susceptibility, virulence and phylogenetic affiliation. Identification of E. coli was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method, and resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. E. coli bacteria were isolated from 32 of 34 samples. The strains were most often classified into phylogenetic groups B1 (50%) and A (25%). Resistance to tetracycline (50%), ciprofloxacin (46.8%), gentamicin (34.3%) and ampicillin (28.1%) was most frequently reported, and as many as 31.2% of E. coli isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance phenotype. Among resistance genes, sul2 (31.2% of isolates) and bla(TEM) (28.1%) were identified most frequently, while irp-2 (31.2%) and ompT (28.1%) were the most common virulence-associated genes. Five strains were included in the APEC group. The study indicates that wild birds can be carriers of potentially dangerous E. coli strains and vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants in the environment. | 2021 | 34451523 |
| 1619 | 4 | 0.9999 | Evidence of colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) in wild birds and its public health implication in Egypt. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most severe global threats to human and veterinary Medicine. colistin is an effective therapeutic agent against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. However, the discovery of transferable plasmids that confer resistance to colistin (mcr-1) has led to challenges in medical science. This study describes the role of wild birds in the harbouring and environmental spread of colistin-resistant bacteria, which could pose a potential hazard to human and animal health. METHODS: In total, 140 faecal samples from wild birds (migratory and resident birds) were tested. Twenty surface water samples were collected from the area in which wild bird trapping was conducted, and 50 human stool samples were collected from individuals residing near the surface water sources and farm buildings. Isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the different samples were performed using conventional culture techniques and biochemical identification. PCR amplification of the mcr genes was performed in all positive isolates. Sequencing of mcr-1 genes from three randomly selected E. coli carrying mcr-1 isolates; wild birds, water and humans was performed. RESULT: The bacteriological examination of the samples showing isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and P. aeruginosa. The results of multiplex PCR of the mcr genes revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent gram-negative bacterium harbouring the mcr genes, whereas a low prevalence was observed for K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of mcr-1 in resident birds, migratory birds, water sources and humans were 10.4, 20,16.6 and 9.6% while the prevalence of mcr-2 were 1.4, 3.6, 11.1 and 9.6%, respectively. Sequencing of the mcr-1 gene from the three E. coli carrying mcr-1 isolates indicated a possible correlation between the wild bird and surface water isolates. CONCLUSION: The detection of mcr-1-positive bacteria in wild birds in Egypt indicates the possible environmental dissemination of this gene through bird activity. The impact of the interaction between domestic and wild animals on public health cannot be overlooked. | 2019 | 31827778 |
| 2981 | 5 | 0.9999 | Investigation of plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. Escherichia coli is zoonotic bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains becomes a critical issue in both human and animal health globally. This study was therefore aimed to investigate the plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. A total of 234 fecal samples were obtained from 157 sheep (99 healthy and 58 diarrheic) and 77 goats (32 healthy and 45 diarrheic) for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Plasmid DNA was extracted using the alkaline lysis method. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined against the three classes of antimicrobials, which resistance is mediated by plasmids (Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolone, and Aminoglycosides) using the disc-diffusion method. The frequency of plasmid-mediated resistance genes was investigated by PCR. A total of 159 E. coli strains harbored plasmids. The isolates antibiogram showed different patterns of resistance in both healthy and diarrheic animals. A total of (82; 51.5%) E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant. rmtB gene was detected in all Aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli, and the ESBL-producing E. coli possessed different CTX-M genes. Similarly, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli possessed different qnr genes. On the analysis of the gyrB gene sequence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, multiple point mutations were revealed. In conclusion, a high prevalence of E. coli with high resistance patterns to antimicrobials was revealed in the current study, in addition to a wide distribution of their resistance determinants. These findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as reservoirs for the dissemination of MDR E. coli and resistance gene horizontal transfer. | 2020 | 32127753 |
| 1616 | 6 | 0.9999 | Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh Produce and Agricultural Environments in Korea. ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to characterize Escherichia coli strains and evaluate the spread of antimicrobial resistance among these strains from fresh produce and farm environments in Korea. We then conducted phenotypic and genetic studies on antimicrobial-resistant isolates. We determined the genetic epidemiological characteristics of isolates that produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and confirmed plasmid transfer in isolates that carried blaCTX-M-type genes. E. coli strains were isolated from 8 samples of fresh produce and 152 samples from the farm environment collected from May 2014 to June 2016. Cephalosporin resistance was the most prevalent (61.8%) type of resistance among the isolates. Five ESBL-producing strains with high genetic homology with E. coli of human or livestock origin were identified. Lateral transfer of plasmids harboring blaCTX-M-type genes to transconjugants was successful. Two isolates from Chinese cabbage and from water samples collected from a nearby stream harbored the ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477 operon and were confirmed as sequence type 1196 and the same type of plasmid replicon, suggesting that cross-contamination was highly likely. A high-risk clone of sequence type 69 (clonal complex 69) isolates was also recovered from the farm environment. This study provides genetic evidence that antimicrobial resistance factors in E. coli from farm environments originate in the clinic or in livestock, highlighting the fact that good agricultural practices in farming are important to inhibit the spread of antimicrobial resistance to bacteria on fresh produce. | 2020 | 32083678 |
| 1617 | 7 | 0.9999 | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from free-living pigeons (Columba livia): Insights into antibiotic environmental contamination and detection of resistance genes. Bacterial resistance is a public and one health problem. Free-living birds can be reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from free-living urban pigeons (Columba livia) in South Brazil. Ninety-two animals were sampled, and one isolate was obtained from each one. The isolates were characterized, and the antimicrobial resistance profile and beta-lactam and colistin resistance genes were investigated. The isolates were classified as phylogroups B1 (35%), B2 (33%), A (16%) and D (16%), and 14% of the strains had the eae virulence gene. All isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 63% of them were multidrug-resistant. Geographical location where the pigeons were captured and presence of the eae gene were associated with multidrug resistance. bla(VIM) and mcr-1 genes were detected in one and two isolates, respectively. This is the first report of these genes in E. coli of pigeons. The bla(VIM) -positive isolate was classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and the isolates with mcr-1 were classified as Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli, which raise additional concerns related to public health since these are zoonotic pathotypes. The results reveal that pigeons carry multidrug-resistant pathogenic E. coli, which may interest public health. Nonetheless, further studies on whether these animals are sources of contamination for humans must be performed to understand their role in spreading antimicrobial resistance. | 2022 | 35569138 |
| 2980 | 8 | 0.9999 | Risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between dogs and their owners. BACKGROUND: The indiscriminate use and the similarity of prescribed antibiotics especially beta-lactams in human and small animal medicine, along with the close communication between pets and humans, increases the risk of the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements especially integrons, between them. Therefore, we aimed to compare the frequencies of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, major ESBL genes, classes 1 and 2 integrons, and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from dogs and their owners. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 144 commensal E. coli isolates from the feces of 28 healthy dog-owner pairs and 16 healthy humans who did not own pets. Phenotypic confirmatory test was used to identify the frequencies of ESBL-producing E. coli. Frequencies of bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV), and bla(TEM) genes, and also classes 1 and 2 integrons were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Resistance against 16 conventional antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion technique. RESULTS: ESBL-production status was similar between the E. coli isolates of 71.4% of dog-owner pairs. The E. coli isolates of 75, 60.7, and 85.7% of dog-owner pairs were similar in terms of the presence or absence of bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), and bla(SHV) genes, respectively. The presence or absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons was the same in E. coli isolates of 57.1% of dog-owner pairs. Prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was significantly higher in E. coli isolates of dogs than owners, but for other 10 (83.3%) tested antibiotics, no statistically significant difference was found in prevalence of antibiotic resistance between dogs and owners isolates. Furthermore, the antibiotic-resistance profile was the same in the E. coli isolates of 14.3% of dog-owner pairs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of current research highlight the seriousness of the drug-resistance problem and the need to prevent further increases and spread of antibiotic-resistance to reduce treatment failure. Moreover, relatively similar characteristics of the E. coli isolates of dogs and their owners can show the risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between them. | 2022 | 35624502 |
| 2979 | 9 | 0.9999 | Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in Poultry Farming. Increasing bacterial resistance to quinolone antibiotics is apparent in both humans and animals. For humans, a potential source of resistant bacteria may be animals or their products entering the human food chain, for example poultry. Between July 2013 and September 2014, samples were collected and analyzed in the Moravian regions of the Czech Republic to isolate the bacterium Escherichia coli. As a result, 212 E. coli isolates were obtained comprising 126 environmental isolates from poultry houses and 86 isolates from cloacal swabs from market-weight turkeys. Subsequently, the E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to selected antibiotics. Resistance of the poultry isolates to quinolones ranged from 53% to 73%. Additionally, the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes was studied. The genes were confirmed in 58% of the tested strains. The data on resistance of isolates from poultry were compared with results of resistance tests in human isolates obtained in the same regions. The high levels of resistance determined by both phenotyping and genotyping methods and reported in the present study confirm the fact that the use of fluoroquinolones in poultry should be closely monitored. | 2017 | 28662329 |
| 1012 | 10 | 0.9999 | Antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamases and colistin resistance (mcr) genes in Escherichia coli from swine between 1999 and 2018. The frequent usage of antibiotics in livestock has led to the spread of resistant bacteria within animals and their products, with a global warning in public health and veterinarians to monitor such resistances. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and genes in pig farms from Spain during the last twenty years. Susceptibility to six antibiotics commonly used in pig production was tested by qualitative (disk diffusion) and quantitative (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) methods in 200 strains of Escherichia coli which had been isolated between 1999 and 2018 from clinical cases of diarrhoea in neonatal and post-weaned piglets. Results showed resistance around 100% for amoxicillin and tetracycline since 1999, and a progressive increase in ceftiofur resistance throughout the studied period. For colistin, it was detected a resistance peak (17.5% of the strains) in the 2011-2014 period. Concerning gentamicin, 11 of 30 strains with intermediate susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were resistant by MIC. Besides, the most frequent antimicrobial resistance genes were the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bla (CTX-M) (13.5% of strains, being CTX-M-14, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-32 the most prevalent genomes, followed by CTX-M-27, CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-3), AmpC-type beta-lactamase (AmpC) bla (CMY-2) (3%) and colistin resistance genes mcr-4 (13%), mcr-1 (7%) and in less proportion mcr-5 (3%). Interestingly, these mcr genes were already detected in strains isolated in 2000, more than a decade before their first description. However, poor concordance between the genotypic mcr profile and the phenotypical testing by MIC was found in this study. These results indicate that although being a current concern, resistance genes and therefore antimicrobial resistant phenotypes were already present in pig farms at the beginning of the century. | 2020 | 32266079 |
| 1013 | 11 | 0.9999 | Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats globally. This challenge has been aggravated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from farms in different districts of Kelantan and were analyzed using routine bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and molecular techniques for further identification and characterization of ESBL encoding genes. Based on PCR detection for the E. coli species-specific Pho gene, 30.3% (97/320) of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, and 84.5% (82/97) of the isolates were positive for at least one ESBL gene. Majority of the isolates, 62.9% (61/97) were harboring blaCTX-M followed by 45.4% (44/97) of blaTEM genes, while 16.5% (16/97) of the isolates were positive for both mcr-1 and ESBL genes. Overall, 93.8% (90/97) of the E. coli were resistant to three or more antimicrobials; indicating that the isolates were multi-drug resistance. 90.7% of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value greater than 0.2, would also suggest the isolates were from high-risk sources of contamination. The MLST result shows that the isolates are widely diverse. Our findings provide insight into the alarmingly high distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, mainly ESBL producing E. coli in apparently healthy chickens indicating the role of food animals in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential public health threats it may pose. | 2023 | 37205716 |
| 2611 | 12 | 0.9999 | Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in conventional vs. organic livestock farms in Egypt: a cross-sectional comparative study. The silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AR) has been on the rise for the past decades. It is essential to determine the burden of AR in animal farms that spreads leading to human exposure. A total of 100 samples including soil, litter, animal excreta, and wastewater were collected from seven conventional and one organic farm in Egypt. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli), fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was determined in studied farms. Conventional farms had a higher prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria than the organic farm (73.81% vs. 18.75%, P < .001). In conventional farms 21.43% of samples yielded mixed isolates; however, in the organic farm, only single isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were detected. The most prevalent ESBL-production gene was blaTEM (82.14%), followed by blaCTX-M (48.22%), and blaSHV (19.64%), either alone or in combination with another gene. The most prevalent fluoroquinolone-resistance genes were qnrS (82.69%) and qnrB (42.30%), either alone or in combination with another gene(s). A total of five VRE isolates harbored vanA gene (83.33%), none carried vanB gene, and one isolate was negative for both genes. The studied conventional livestock farms had significantly higher rates of serious AR threats than the organic farm. | 2023 | 36688777 |
| 1611 | 13 | 0.9999 | Molecular Typing of Enterobacteriaceae from Pig Holdings in North-Western Germany Reveals Extended- Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamases Producing but no Carbapenem Resistant Ones. The increase of extended- spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in humans and in food-producing animals is of public health concern. The latter could contribute to spreading of these bacteria or their resistance genes to humans. Several studies have reported the isolation of third generation cephalosporin resistant bacteria in livestock animals. However, the number of samples and the methodology used differ considerably between studies limiting comparability and prevalence assessment. In the present study, a total of 564 manure and dust samples were collected from 47 pig farms in Northern Germany and analysed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-E. Molecular typing and characterization of resistance genes was performed for all ESBL-E isolates. ESBL-E isolates were found in 55.3% of the farms. ESBL-Escherichia coli was found in 18.8% of the samples, ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae in 0.35%. The most prevalent ESBL genes among E. coli were CTX-M-1 like (68.9%), CTX-M-15 like (16%) and CTX-M-9 group (14.2%). In 20% of the latter two, also the OXA-1 like gene was found resulting in a combination of genes typical for isolates from humans. Genetic relation was found between isolates not only from the same, but also from different farms, with multilocus sequence type (ST) 10 being predominant among the E. coli isolates. In conclusion, we showed possible spread of ESBL-E between farms and the presence of resistance genes and STs previously shown to be associated with human isolates. Follow-up studies are required to monitor the extent and pathways of ESBL-E transmission between farms, animals and humans. | 2015 | 26225428 |
| 1035 | 14 | 0.9999 | Multidrug resistance and transferability of blaCTX-M among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteric bacteria in biofilm. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of biofilm-forming extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enteric bacteria in hospital wastewater and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance behaviour and transferability of the plasmid-encoded blaCTX-M gene in biofilm. ESBL production was confirmed using the combined disc test and Etest. Amplification of blaCTX-M was performed by PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method. Transfer of blaCTX-M in planktonic and biofilm state was performed by broth mating and filter mating experiments, respectively. Among 110 enteric bacteria, 24 (21.8%) isolates belonging to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were found to produce ESBL and formed varying levels of biofilm in vitro. Presence of blaCTX-M was detected in 18 (75%) ESBL-producing isolates. A many fold increase in resistance to antibiotics was observed in biofilm. Among ESBL-producers, seven isolates could transfer the blaCTX-M gene by conjugation, with transfer frequencies ranging from 2.22×10(-4) to 7.14×10(-2) transconjugants/recipient cell in the planktonic state and from 3.04×10(-3) to 9.15×10(-1) in biofilm. The transfer frequency of blaCTX-M was significantly higher in biofilm compared with the planktonic state, and co-transfer of ciprofloxacin resistance was also detected in five isolates. This study demonstrates that biofilm-forming ESBL-producing enteric bacteria with a greater transfer frequency of resistance genes will lead to frequent dissemination of β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance genes in environmental settings. The emergence and spread of such multidrug resistance is a serious threat to animal and public health. | 2016 | 27530857 |
| 1145 | 15 | 0.9999 | Abundance of Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene (mcr-1) in Commensal Escherichia coli from Diverse Sources. Aims: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spreads not only by pathogenic but also by commensal bacteria, and the latter can become a reservoir for resistance genes. This study was aimed to investigate the AMR patterns along with the presence of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes in commensal Escherichia coli circulating in chickens, farm environments, street foods, and human patients. Materials and Methods: By a cross-sectional survey, isolates obtained from 530 samples were tested for their AMR profiles against 9 antimicrobials. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the phenotypically colistin-resistant isolates was determined and screened for a set of mcr genes followed by sequencing of mcr-1 gene in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Results: A total of 313 E. coli strains were isolated and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that about 98% (confidence interval [95% CI] 95-99) of the isolates were MDR, and 58% (95% CI 52-63) isolates exhibited resistance to colistin. MIC values of colistin against the isolates ranged from 4 to 64 mg/L. Except for human patients, 20.4% colistin-resistant isolates from other sources of isolation had mcr-1 gene. Conclusions: There is abundance of commensal MDR E. coli strains with the acquisition of mcr-1 gene circulating in chickens and farm environments in Bangladesh. | 2021 | 33909471 |
| 2691 | 16 | 0.9999 | Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilm-Associated Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic and Healthy Dogs. Bacteria isolated from companion animals are attracting concerns in a view of public health including antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development, both contributing to difficult-to-treat infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 18 antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from two groups of dogs (healthy and diarrheic). Isolates were classified into phylogroups, examined for the presence of resistance genes and biofilm-formation capacity. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 47.37% and 34.22% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal groups (A; B1) in contrast to diarrheic dogs; 42.2% of isolates were identified as the B2 phylogroup, and these E. coli bacteria formed a stronger biofilm. The results of healthy dogs showed higher MIC levels for tetracycline (32 mg/L), ampicillin (64 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (8 mg/L) and trimethoprim-sulphonamide (8 mg/L) compared to clinical breakpoints. The most detected gene encoding plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in the healthy group was qnrB, and in dogs with diarrhea, qnrS. The resistance genes were more frequently detected in healthy dogs. The presence of the integron int1 and the transposon tn3 increases the possibility of transfer of many different cassette-associated antibiotic-resistance genes. These results suggest that dogs could be a potential reservoir of resistance genes. | 2021 | 34205399 |
| 2969 | 17 | 0.9999 | Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Houseflies and Feces of Cattle and Pigs at a Slaughterhouse in Lima, Peru. Background: Pigs and cattle have been implicated as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can spread to humans, and houseflies are considered potential carriers of bacteria with ARGs that could contribute to their spread to the environment, including food, animals, and humans. Methods: In this study, 107, 145, and 127 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from houseflies, pigs, and cattle, respectively, from a slaughterhouse in Lima, Peru. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method, where thirteen antibiotics were used. Strains were also plated on CHROMagar COL-APSE agar, and colistin's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Colistin-resistant E. coli strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Results: 7.8% (8/107), 1.38% (2/145), and 0.79% (1/127) of E. coli strains isolated from houseflies, pigs, and cattle, respectively, were resistant to colistin (MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL). ARGs associated with resistance to more than 6 different antibiotic classes were identified, including tetracyclines, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazoles, trimethoprim and amphenicols. Conclusions: This study suggests that flies could contribute to the dissemination of ARG carrying bacteria and shows the potential risk of animals and meat production systems as reservoirs of ARG carrying bacteria. | 2025 | 40868012 |
| 1032 | 18 | 0.9999 | Molecular investigation of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains isolated from wastewater streams in Pakistan. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue and it is even more daunting in developing countries. The main objective of present study was to investigate molecular responses of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The 48 bacterial strains, which were previously isolated and identified were subjected to disc diffusion and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) determination, followed by investigating the production of the three beta-lactamases (ESBLs (Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases), MBLs (Metallo Beta-lactamases), AmpCs) and exploring prevalence of the two antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs); blaTEM and qnrS. Higher MIC values were observed for penicillin(s) than that for fluoroquinolones (ampicillin > amoxicillin > ofloxacin > ciprofloxacin > levofloxacin). Resistance rates were high (58-89%) for all of the tested beta-lactams. Among the tested strains, 5 were ESBL producers (4 Aeromonas spp. and 1 Escherichia sp.), 2 were MBL producers (1 Stenotrophomonas sp. and 1 Citrobacter sp.) and 3 were AmpC producers (2 Pseudomonas spp. and 1 Morganella sp.). The ARGs qnrS2 and blaTEM were detected in Aeromonas spp. and Escherichia sp. The results highlighted the role of Aeromonas as a vector. The study reports bacteria of multidrug resistance nature in the wastewater environment of Pakistan, which harbor ARGs of clinical relevance and could present a public health concern. | 2020 | 32802720 |
| 1036 | 19 | 0.9999 | Detection of carbapenem resistance genes and cephalosporin, and quinolone resistance genes along with oqxAB gene in Escherichia coli in hospital wastewater: a matter of concern. AIMS: This study was performed to detect the presence of Escherichia coli resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems and quinolones in hospital wastewater. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wastewaters from a rural (H1) and an urban (H2) hospital were tested for E. coli resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenem and quinolones. Genes coding for chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance and phylogenetic grouping was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for genetic relatedness by rep-PCR. Of 190 (H1 = 94; H2 = 96) E. coli examined, 44% were resistant to both cephalosporins and quinolones and 3% to imipenem. ESBLs were detected phenotypically in 96% of the isolates, the gene blaCTX-M coding for 87% and blaTEM for 63%. Quinolone resistance was due to mutations in gyrA and parC genes in 97% and plasmid-coded aac-(6')-Ib-cr in 89% of isolates. Only in one carbapenem-resistant E. coli, NDM-1 was detected. Nearly 67% of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2. There was no genetic relatedness among the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital wastewater contains genetically diverse multidrug-resistant E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study stresses the need for efficient water treatment plants in healthcare settings as a public health measure to minimize spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria into the environment. | 2014 | 24975198 |