Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β -lactamases in slaughtered animals in the Czech Republic. - Related Documents




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102001.0000Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β -lactamases in slaughtered animals in the Czech Republic. Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a global medical problem requiring close cooperation between veterinary and human physicians. Raw materials and foods of animal origin may be not only a source of pathogenic bacteria causing alimentary tract infections but also a source of bacteria with a dangerous extent of resistance to antibiotics, potentially entering the human food chain. This article presents results of the first study in the Czech Republic detecting the presence of Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum b -lactamases (ESBLs) in swabs collected in slaughterhouses from surfaces of healthy animal carcasses. In 2012, swabs taken from pig (n = 166) and cattle (n = 140) carcass surfaces were analyzed. In 17 % of 53 studied slaughterhouses, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were isolated. ESBLs were found in 11 and 4 % of porcine and bovine samples, respectively. Swabs collected from pigs yielded 18 ESBL-producing E. coli strains. The bla genes were found to encode production of CTX-M-1 group enzymes in 16 strains, SHV in one case, and both CTX-M-1-like and TEM in another case. In swabs taken from cattle, five ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated. In three cases, the bla genes for CTX-M-1-like production were identified; in two cases, genes for both CTX-M-1-like and TEM production were found. The similarity/identity of ESBL-positive isolates was compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This is the first report and characterization of the presence and nature of ESBL-producing E. coli in swabs collected from surfaces of healthy pig and cattle carcasses in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic.201324112579
101910.9999First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were bla(CTX-M) (n = 26), bla(SHV) (n = 11), and bla(TEM) (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the bla(CMY) gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both bla(OXA-48) and bla(IMP) genes and the other isolate carried only the bla(IMP) gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.202336695709
161120.9999Molecular Typing of Enterobacteriaceae from Pig Holdings in North-Western Germany Reveals Extended- Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamases Producing but no Carbapenem Resistant Ones. The increase of extended- spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in humans and in food-producing animals is of public health concern. The latter could contribute to spreading of these bacteria or their resistance genes to humans. Several studies have reported the isolation of third generation cephalosporin resistant bacteria in livestock animals. However, the number of samples and the methodology used differ considerably between studies limiting comparability and prevalence assessment. In the present study, a total of 564 manure and dust samples were collected from 47 pig farms in Northern Germany and analysed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-E. Molecular typing and characterization of resistance genes was performed for all ESBL-E isolates. ESBL-E isolates were found in 55.3% of the farms. ESBL-Escherichia coli was found in 18.8% of the samples, ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae in 0.35%. The most prevalent ESBL genes among E. coli were CTX-M-1 like (68.9%), CTX-M-15 like (16%) and CTX-M-9 group (14.2%). In 20% of the latter two, also the OXA-1 like gene was found resulting in a combination of genes typical for isolates from humans. Genetic relation was found between isolates not only from the same, but also from different farms, with multilocus sequence type (ST) 10 being predominant among the E. coli isolates. In conclusion, we showed possible spread of ESBL-E between farms and the presence of resistance genes and STs previously shown to be associated with human isolates. Follow-up studies are required to monitor the extent and pathways of ESBL-E transmission between farms, animals and humans.201526225428
101830.9999Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dogs and Cats in Northeastern China from 2012 to 2021. (1) Background: there has been a growing concern about pet-spread bacterial zoonosis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the trend in drug-resistance of canine Escherichia coli isolates in northeast China between 2012-2021 and the differences in drug-resistance of E. coli of different origins in 2021. (2) Methods: E. coli were isolated from feces or anal swab samples from dogs and cats, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and phylogenetic grouping were identified. PCR was applied on the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli for antibiotic resistance genes. (3) Results: five hundred and fifty-four E. coli isolates were detected in 869 samples (63.75%). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of E. coli in pet dogs showed a decreasing trend, but working dogs showed the opposite trend. Resistance genes bla(CTX-M) and bla(CTX-M+TEM) were dominant among the ESBL producers (n = 219). The consistency between the resistance phenotypes and genes was high except for fluoroquinolone-resistant ESBL E. coli. All ESBL E. coli-carrying bla(NDM) were isolated from working dogs, and one of the strains carried mcr-1 and bla(NDM-4). Phylogroup B2 was the dominant group in pet cats, and more than half of the isolates from companion cats were ESBL E. coli. (4) Conclusions: the measures taken to reduce resistance in China were beginning to bear fruit. Companion cats may be more susceptible to colonization by ESBL E. coli. The problem of resistant bacteria in working dogs and pet cats warrants concern.202236358160
101740.9999Evaluation of canine raw food products for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria of the order Enterobacterales. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential contamination of commercial raw dog food products with bacteria of the Enterobacterales order that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase enzymes, determine risk factors for contamination, and understand isolate genetic diversity. SAMPLES: A total of 200 canine raw food products. METHODS: Products were cultured on selective chromogenic agar following enrichment steps. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for isolates that were confirmed to produce an ESBL. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial resistance genes, and multilocus sequences typing, and compared to other isolates in the NCBI database for clonality. Preservation method and protein sources were assessed as potential risk factors for contamination with ESBL and carbapenemase-producing bacteria of the Enterobacterales order. RESULTS: No carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) were identified, but ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria were isolated from 20/200 products (10.0%; 95% CI, 7.3 to 16.5%), all of which were frozen. Pork-derived protein source products were 8.1 times (P = .001; 95% CI, 2.53 to 26.2) more likely to carry ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria than other protein sources. WGS analysis confirmed the presence of ESBL genes in a total of 25 distinct isolates (19 Escherichia coli, 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Citrobacter braakii). Genes encoding CTX-M type ESBL enzymes were the most common (24/25 isolates, 96.0%) with blaCTX-M-27 being the most common allele (8/25, 32.0%). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Frozen, raw food products may serve as a route of transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria to companion animals. Veterinarians should advise owners about the risks of raw food diets, including potential exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.202235895774
101650.9999Investigation of CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance in Enterobacterales Isolated From Dairy Cattle in Turkey. BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in animals, particularly the spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, poses a significant zoonotic and public health risk. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenem and colistin resistance among Enterobacterales in faecal swabs of dairy cattle. METHODS: A total of 400 samples were cultured on Mac Conkey screening media for ESBL, carbapenem and colistin resistance. The grown Enterobacterales were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, followed by ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime resistance and double disk synergy. ESBL resistance genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Bacteria grown on colistin screening media were investigated for colistin resistance by EUCAST microbroth dilution method. RESULTS: A total of 89 (22.25%) of the bacteria grown from 400 samples were identified as potential ESBL-producing Enterobacterales members. A number of 53 (59.5%) of them were identified as ESBL blaCTX-M as a result of PCR, and 10 of them were identified as blaCTX-M-15/28/36/66 as a result of sequencing. None of the samples cultured on carbapenem medium grew. A total of 18 samples grown in colistin medium were found to be colistin sensitive by broth microdilution. Genotypes were not included in the study. All isolated bacteria were identified as Escherichia coli. SOLUTION: In this study, blaCTX-M-15 and its derivatives, which are common in humans, were also found to be the predominant ESBL type in animals. Monitoring resistance in animals together with resistance in human infections may provide more important data on the spread of resistance.202540704983
101260.9999Antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamases and colistin resistance (mcr) genes in Escherichia coli from swine between 1999 and 2018. The frequent usage of antibiotics in livestock has led to the spread of resistant bacteria within animals and their products, with a global warning in public health and veterinarians to monitor such resistances. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and genes in pig farms from Spain during the last twenty years. Susceptibility to six antibiotics commonly used in pig production was tested by qualitative (disk diffusion) and quantitative (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) methods in 200 strains of Escherichia coli which had been isolated between 1999 and 2018 from clinical cases of diarrhoea in neonatal and post-weaned piglets. Results showed resistance around 100% for amoxicillin and tetracycline since 1999, and a progressive increase in ceftiofur resistance throughout the studied period. For colistin, it was detected a resistance peak (17.5% of the strains) in the 2011-2014 period. Concerning gentamicin, 11 of 30 strains with intermediate susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were resistant by MIC. Besides, the most frequent antimicrobial resistance genes were the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bla (CTX-M) (13.5% of strains, being CTX-M-14, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-32 the most prevalent genomes, followed by CTX-M-27, CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-3), AmpC-type beta-lactamase (AmpC) bla (CMY-2) (3%) and colistin resistance genes mcr-4 (13%), mcr-1 (7%) and in less proportion mcr-5 (3%). Interestingly, these mcr genes were already detected in strains isolated in 2000, more than a decade before their first description. However, poor concordance between the genotypic mcr profile and the phenotypical testing by MIC was found in this study. These results indicate that although being a current concern, resistance genes and therefore antimicrobial resistant phenotypes were already present in pig farms at the beginning of the century.202032266079
103970.9999Genetic Investigation of Beta-Lactam Associated Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Water Sources. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is an important factor threatening human health. It is widely accepted that antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) released from humans and animals into the water sources, can introduce their resistance genes into the natural bacterial community. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bla(TEM), bla(CTX), bla(SHV), bla(OXA) and bla(VEB) associated-antibiotic resistance among E. coli bacteria isolated from different water resources in Iran. METHODS: The study contained all E. coli strains segregated from different surface water sources. The Kirby-Bauer method and combined discs method was determined in this study for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and strains that produced Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction kit was applied for genomic and plasmid DNA derivation. Finally the frequency of resistant genes including bla(TEM), bla(CTX), bla(SHV), bla(OXA) and bla(VEB) in ESBL producing isolates were studied by PCR. RESULTS: One hundred E. coli strains were isolated and entered in the study. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed on clindamycin (96%). Moreover, 38.5% isolates were ESBL producers. The frequency of different ESBLs genes were 37%, 27%, 27%, and 25% for bla(TEM), bla(CTX), bla(SHV), and bla(OXA) , respectively. The bla(VEB) wasn't found in any isolates. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a high prevalence of CTX-M, TEM, SHV and OXA genes among E. coli strains in surface water resources. In conclusion, these results raised a concern regarding the presence and distribution of these threatening factors in surface water sources and its subsequent outcomes.201729151997
101580.9999Antimicrobial-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk. The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was the monitoring of resistant Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk with a focus on the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. In total, 263 samples of raw milk from 40 farms were collected and investigated in 2010 to 2013 in the Czech Republic. Detection of E. coli was performed and evaluated according to ISO 16649-2, and antibiotic resistance was screened by the disk diffusion method. The presence of E. coli was detected in 243 (92.4%) samples. In total, 270 isolates were obtained. Resistance to β-lactam (31.8%) and tetracycline (13.0%) antibiotics was detected most often and also multiresistant strains (5.5%) were observed. E. coli isolates found to be resistant to β-lactam, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics were assayed by PCR to detect selected genes encoding those resistance mechanisms. In isolates in which any bla genes were detected, a double-disk synergy test was performed. ESBL production was confirmed in 2 (0.7%) isolates. The genetic analysis identified the presence of the blaCTX-M gene and other resistance genes (tet(B) and qnrB). Both ESBL-positive isolates originated from the same farm and had an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. The findings of our study indicate that milk can be a reservoir of bacteria carrying resistance genes with a potential for spreading through the food chain.201525581180
101490.9999Contamination of retail market meat with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Vietnam. The contamination of retail meat with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a substantial public health risk because of the potential spread of these bacteria within communities. The contamination of retail meat with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria was investigated in four cities in Vietnam using real-time PCR, employing ESBL marker genes. This method provides a more comprehensive assessment of ESBL-producing bacterial contamination in meat samples than culture-based methods because it directly detects resistance genes from the extracted sample DNA. Retail meats in Vietnam were substantially contaminated with ESBL genes [54 % (n = 46) and 48 % (n = 49) of chicken and pork samples, respectively]. No significant differences in ESBL gene detection rates were observed between chicken and pork. The most frequently detected ESBL gene was blaTEM, followed by blaSHV, whereas blaCTX-M was found in only 4-8 % of the samples. Ho Chi Minh City showed significantly higher contamination rates for both chicken and pork than those in other cities. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were isolated from contaminated meat samples and genomically analyzed. All isolated strains carried blaCTX-M, with some harboring blaTEM, whereas blaSHV was not detected. Although IncFIB plasmids were prevalent among the ESBL-producing E. coli strains, the variability in resistance gene profiles suggested that the endemic spread of specific resistance gene-carrying plasmids was unlikely. Overall, these findings highlight the effectiveness of the ESBL gene detection method and the high levels of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail meat.202539827751
980100.9999Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated- AmpC, and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Companion and Production Animals in Brazil. The crisis of bacterial resistance is an emerging One Health challenge, driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in medical and agricultural settings. This study aimed to investigate extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Ampicillinase (AmpC), and carbapenemase production, and the presence of genes encoding these enzymes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp., major contributors to infections and resistance isolates from animals. From 2016 to 2021, 130 multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were recovered from the secretions, excretions, and organs of companion and production animals with active infections. Antibacterial sensitivity tests, along with phenotypic and genotypic detection of resistance enzymes, were performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Brazil to estimate the prevalence of XDR Enterobacteriales isolated from companion and production animals, which accounted for 13.8% of the strains. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in resistant bacteria between different classes and within the same class of antibacterial bacteria were found. The statistical probability between genotypic detection of ESBL (OR = 3.1) and phenotypic tests for AmpC (OR = 2.3) was also established. Approximately 32.3%, 17.6%, and 16.8% of the strains had positive phenotypic tests for ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases, respectively. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of bla(CTX-M) (60.0%), bla(AmpC) (9.18%), bla(KPC-2) (0.76%), and bla(NDM) (1.52%). AmpC genes were identified in 8.46% of the samples, with bla(CMY) being the most frequent (6.92%), followed by bla(DHA) (0.77%), and bla(FOX) (0.77%). The sequenced amplicons were deposited in NCBI. This study reveals critical data on Enterobacteriaceae with antibacterial resistance genes isolated from animals and may pose a significant threat to One health.202539903315
1011110.9999Mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance in indicator Escherichia coli isolated from food animals. Resistance to β-lactams is considered one of the major global problems and recently it became the most frequently studied topic in the area of antimicrobial resistance. The study was focused on phenotypic and genetic characterisation of commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli), including those producing cephalosporinases, isolated from gut flora of healthy slaughter animals. E. coli were cultured simultaneously on MacConkey agar (MCA) and cefotaxime supplemented MCA. The isolates were confirmed with ONPG and indol tube tests as well as PCR targeting uspA gene. Microbroth dilution method was applied for determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations and interpreted according to EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values. Cephalosporin resistance phenotypes were defined by E-tests (BioMerieux) and relevant gene amplicons from selected strains were sequenced. A total of 298 E. coli isolates with cephalosporin resistance (ESC) found in 99 ones, were obtained from 318 cloacal or rectal swabs deriving from broilers, layers, turkeys, pigs and cattle. Both extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and ampC-cephalosporinase resistance phenotypes were noted in all tested animal species but cattle. At least one of the analysed genes was identified in 90 out of 99 cephalosporin-resistant isolates: bla(TEM) (n=44), bla(CMY) (n=38), bla(CTX-M) (n=33) and bla(SHV) (n=12). None of the phenotypes was identified in nine isolates. Sequencing of PCR products showed occurrence of ESBL-genes: bla(CTX-M-1/-61), bla(SHV-12), bla(TEM-1,-52/-92,-135) and ampC-gene bla(CMY-2). They were located on numerous and diverse plasmids and resistance transferability was proved by electroporation of bla(SHV-12) and bla(CTX-M-1/-61) located on X1 plasmids. Detection of cephalosporin resistant E. coli confirms the existence of resistance genes reservoir in farm animals and their possible spread (i.e. via IncX1 plasmids) to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. The identified genetic background indicates on ecological aspects of selection and dissemination of cephalosporin resistance in E. coli isolated from food-producing animals rather than its potential role for public health threats.201626869096
1021120.9999The detection of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing genes in Escherichia coli strains, isolated from apparently healthy and enteric pet birds. In this study, totally, 295 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy (195 swabs) and enteric (100 swabs) pet birds. After identification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, to determining the E. coli producing extensive-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (EPE) strains, double disc synergy test was applied. TEM, CTX and SHV genes were detected in strains known as EPE phenotypically. The results showed that the detection rate of EPE strains in enteric birds is higher than apparently healthy birds (25.6 vs. 16.2%). The CTX gene was the highest ESBL gene. The SHV gene was not detected in any of E. coli strains. Furthermore, the ceftazidime and cefotaxime resistant E. coli strains were contained in the CTX gene. By considering the possibility of transmitting these genes along with other resistance genes to other bacteria, it can be stated that pet birds can be the source of transmission of resistance genes to human.202436966490
1097130.9999CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Brazil. INTRODUCTION: Worldwide urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are an important reservoir of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Plasmids are key genetic elements in the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, including beta-lactams and quinolones, which are the most important classes of drugs for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) harboring plasmids containing extend-spectrum (ESBL) and pAmpC beta-lactamases, also plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in urban pigeons from São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: A collection of 107 isolates of E. coli from urban pigeons from four cities was screened by antimicrobial resistance phenotypic and PCR for genes encoding ESBL, pAmpC and PMQR genes. Clonality was evaluated by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: We found three strains positive for blaCTX-M genes. In two clonally related CTX-M-8-producing strains, the gene was associated with IncI1 plasmids. An MDR strain harboring blaCTX-M-2, the plasmid could not be transferred. No strain was positive for PMQR genes. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-8-producing E. coli are present in urban pigeons, which could serve as a reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli in Brazil.201932087078
1013140.9999Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats globally. This challenge has been aggravated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from farms in different districts of Kelantan and were analyzed using routine bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and molecular techniques for further identification and characterization of ESBL encoding genes. Based on PCR detection for the E. coli species-specific Pho gene, 30.3% (97/320) of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, and 84.5% (82/97) of the isolates were positive for at least one ESBL gene. Majority of the isolates, 62.9% (61/97) were harboring blaCTX-M followed by 45.4% (44/97) of blaTEM genes, while 16.5% (16/97) of the isolates were positive for both mcr-1 and ESBL genes. Overall, 93.8% (90/97) of the E. coli were resistant to three or more antimicrobials; indicating that the isolates were multi-drug resistance. 90.7% of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value greater than 0.2, would also suggest the isolates were from high-risk sources of contamination. The MLST result shows that the isolates are widely diverse. Our findings provide insight into the alarmingly high distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, mainly ESBL producing E. coli in apparently healthy chickens indicating the role of food animals in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential public health threats it may pose.202337205716
981150.9999ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales from Swedish dogs and cats 2017-2021: a retrospective study. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a threat to both human and animal health. Of special concern are resistance mechanisms that are transmissible between bacteria, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC). ESBL/AmpC resistance is also of importance as it confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including third generation cephalosporins. The Swedish Veterinary Agency (former English name National Veterinary Institute) performs confirmatory testing of suspected ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical background, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relationships of confirmed isolates from dogs and cats in Sweden from 2017 to 2021. RESULTS: The study includes 92 isolates of ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria from 82 dogs, and 28 isolates from 23 cats. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria, and the most frequent sampling site was the urinary tract. From eight dogs and two cats, ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria were isolated on more than one occasion. Multi-resistance was more than twice as common in samples from dogs (50%) than in samples from cats (22%). Among dogs, sequence type (ST) 131 and ST372 were the dominant strains and bla(CMY-2) and bla(CTX-M-15) the dominant genes conferring reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. Among cats, ST73 was the dominant strain and bla(CTX-M-15) the dominant gene. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring the resistance patterns and genetic relationships of bacteria over time is important to follow the results of measures taken to reduce resistance. Knowledge of the appropriate antibiotic usage is also crucial. In this study, a variety of STs and ESBL/pAmpC-genes were detected among the isolates. There were available antibiotics likely effective for treatment in all cases, based on resistance pattern, infection site and host species.202539762972
1023160.9999Common presence of plasmid encoding bla(CTX-M-55) in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from the same edible river fish. The transmission of potentially life-threatening plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a major threat to public health. This study aimed to determine the presence of commonly observed plasmids encoding plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistance genes in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from fishery products. Eighty river fishes were purchased from retail stores and supermarkets in Vietnam. Only Salmonella-positive fishes were used for antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolation. Salmonella serotyping was performed using Salmonella antisera. Isolated bacterial DNA was extracted, and antibiotic susceptibility, resistance genes, and replicon typing were determined. Our results showed that Salmonella was isolated from 12.5% (10/80) of the river fishes. Cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella was isolated from 3.8% (3/80) of the fishes and colistin-resistant Salmonella from 1.3% (1/80) . Salmonella serotyping revealed Potsdam, Schwarzengrund, Bardo/Newport, Give, Infantis, Kentucky, and Typhimurium. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-related genes bla(CTX-M-55) and bla(CTX-M-65) and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1. To date, no study has reported an antibiotic-resistance plasmid present in multiple bacteria collected from the same food. Thus, horizontal transmission of antibiotic-resistance plasmids may occur at the food level.202337394527
1038170.9999Isolation of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria from Urban Surface Waters in Malaysia. BACKGROUND: This was a preliminary study to test for the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in Malaysian urban surface waters. Although the literature review revealed several published papers on clinical ESBL isolates in Malaysia, none were found on ESBL isolates obtained from local surface waters. METHODS: Isolated bacterial species were tested for resistance to cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate and aztreonam, and susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion. This served as a screening step to detect bacteria that could be potential ESBL species. 16S ribose ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with two clusters of bla (β-lactamase) gene primers was used to test for the bla genes CTX-M (Groups 1, 2, 9), OXA-1, SHV and TEM. RESULTS: A total of 19 isolates were found, possessing at least one of the bla genes tested for. There was a relatively high occurrence of CTX-M genes (84.2%) among these, followed by TEM genes (47.4%). The isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae (89.5%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a high occurrence of ESBL-bacteria in local surface waters, among these being opportunistic pathogens. The persistence and spread of these species in the environment poses a threat to exposed human populations.201323966820
1612180.9999Carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dogs: Prevalence, associated risk factors and molecular characteristics. Resistance to antimicrobials, in particular that mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases are frequently reported in bacteria causing canine disease as well as in commensal bacteria, which could be a potential health risk for humans they come into contact with. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence and investigate the molecular characteristics of ESBL and plasmid encoded AmpC (pAmpC)-producing E. coli in the mainland UK vet-visiting canine population and, using responses from detailed questionnaires identify factors associated with their carriage. Faecal samples were cultured for antimicrobial resistant (AMR), ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli. A subset of ESBL and pAmpC-producing isolates were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing and DNA microarray analyses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to construct models to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant (MDR, resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes), fluoroquinolone resistant, ESBL and AmpC-producing E. coli. AMR E.coli were isolated from 44.8% (n=260) of samples, with 1.9% and 7.1% of samples carrying ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli, respectively. MDR E. coli were identified in 18.3% of samples. Recent use of antimicrobials and being fed raw poultry were both identified as risk factors in the outcomes investigated. A number of virulence and resistance genes were identified, including genes associated with extra-intestinal and enteropathogenic E. coli genotypes. Considering the close contact that people have with dogs, the high levels of AMR E. coli in canine faeces may be a potential reservoir of AMR bacteria or resistance determinants.201728110781
982190.9999Seven-year surveillance of the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, with a focus on ST131 clones, among healthy people in Osaka, Japan. OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator of antimicrobial resistance, and some strains of E. coli cause infectious diseases. E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131) - a global antimicrobial-resistant pandemic E. coli clone - is frequently detected in clinical specimens. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are monitored via national surveillance in clinical settings; however, monitoring information in non-clinical settings is limited. This study elucidated antimicrobial resistance trends of E. coli and dissemination of ST131 among healthy people in non-clinical settings. METHODS: This study collected 517 E. coli isolates from healthy people in Osaka, Japan, between 2013 and 2019. It analysed antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates and detected the bla and mcr genes in ampicillin-resistant and colistin-resistant isolates, respectively, and the ST131 clone. RESULTS: Antimicrobial resistance rates of the bacteria isolated from healthy people in non-clinical settings were lower than for those in clinical settings. The resistance of the isolates to cefotaxime (4.4%) and ciprofloxacin (13.5%) gradually increased during the study period. In 23 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, the most frequent bla genes belonged to the bla(CTX-M-9) group, followed by bla(CTX-M-1) goup, bla(TEM) and bla(CMY-2). One mcr-1-harbouring colistin-resistant isolate was detected in 2016. The incidence of the E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was approximately 5% until 2015 and 10% after 2016. CONCLUSION: Both ciprofloxacin resistance and O25b-ST131 clone frequency increased during the study period. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria gradually spread in healthy people in non-clinical settings; one reason behind this spread was dissemination of global antimicrobial-resistant pandemic clones.202133556490